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Muscular

QuestionAnswer
Primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is ACh or Acetylcholine
As sodium ions enter the muscle cell what happens to the sarcolemma It becomes Depolarized
After the sarcolemma reaches the threshold of Depolarized from sodium entering the cell what happens An Action Potential is generated and propagated over the cell membrane
Acetylcholine is broken down into what in the synaptic cleft Acetic acid and Choline by the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase
How is the Acetylcholine reassembled after being broken down in the synaptic cleft The Choline is reabsorbed into the synaptic knob where it is combined with acetic acid and placed back in the vesicles
The influx of Sodium Ions into a cell creates what at the cell membrane Depolarization
What is Membrane Potential or Resting Potential It is the Potential difference of voltage on either side of the cell membrane,
Most cells have a more negative charge on the inside of the cell membrane than on the outside at the Resting State and is said to be what Polarized
The cells membrane potential is referenced at what part of the cell membrane The difference in voltage between the inside and the outside of the cell at rest
Why do most cells have a negative charged resting potential or membrane potential Because of the more negative charge inside of the cell at the membrane
When the membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential the membrane becomes what Depolarized
When the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential the membrane becomes what Hyperpolarized
Making the cell membrane positive or negative is relative to the resting potential So if the inside becomes more positive relative to the resting potential the, the membrane potential becomes Positive
When an Action Potential arrives at the synaptic knob what happens Causes voltage gated Calcium channels to open which in turns lets the calcium flow into the synaptic knob
How is Acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft After calcium enters the synaptic knob it attaches to the vesicles that contain the ACh and causes them to go through exocytosis with the neuron membrane to release the ACh
How is a Action Potential generated at the sarcolemma By the acetylcholine in the synaptic binding to the receptors on the muscle fiber causing the sodium channels to open and allowing sodium to make the inside of the muscle cell more positive , Known as Depolarizing
The Action Potential at the sarcolemma travels where and creates what action It propagates across the membrane, down the T-tubules and causes calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum travels to where The Sarcoplasm
During contraction of a muscle, calcium ions bind to the what The Troponin Molecule
What breaks the bond between the Myosin head and Actin The attachment of a ATP to the Myosin head
Energy is released on the Myosin head how By the ATP being broken down into ADP and Phosphate
When calcium binds to the troponin on the actin what action does this cause Causes Tropomyosin to move away from the myosin binding site so that the myosin head can bind to the actin
Excitation is defined as The action potential in the nerve fiber causing a action potential in the muscle fiber
What has to be removed before Tropomyosin can cover up the binding sites on the Actin Calcium , has to be moved back to the Terminal Cisternae
Define Tetanus or Tetany Muscle in continual contraction
Define Twitch The contraction and relaxation cycle of a muscle
During Wave Summation what happens A stimulus arrives at muscle before complete relaxation causing the 2nd contraction to have greater tension the the 1st
Characteristics of oxidative fibers are Good for Endurance, Use Aerobic respiration, Red in color, High concentration of Myoglobin
The immediate supply of ATP for use in muscle contraction is generated what system Phosphagen system
When a muscle contracts but does not change length Isometric
When a muscle contracts and does change length Isotonic
A majority of the muscle fibers in the body are what type of fiber Fast Glycolytic
Many myoblast group together to form what A skeletal muscle fiber
Multiunit smooth muscle cells are stimulated as a GROUP OR INDIVIDUALLY Individually
Single unit smooth muscle cells are stimulated as a group or individually As a group
What can cause muscle fatigue , 3 items Sodium and Potassium imbalances, Insufficient Calcium and a Build up of intracellular Phosphate
MLCK protein does what Phosphorylates Mysdin
Calmodulin protein does what Binds calcium, Is a calcium binding protein
MLCP protein does what Dephosphorylates Myosin
A Motor Unit is composed of what A Motor Neuron and ALL of the muscle fibers that it controls
The A-Band contains which myofilaments Both Thick and Thin , Creates the Dark band
The H-Zone contains which myofilaments Only Thick , this zone disappears during contraction
The I-Band contains which myofilaments Only Thin , Creates the Light band
The Epimysium is composed of what type of tissue Dense Irregular C.T.
Smooth muscle is allowed to stay in contraction because of what Latchbridge Mechanism
Anaerobic respiration process is for what length of time Short term use , as in the use of a sprinter/runner
Concentric Isotonic contraction does what to the muscle Shortens it
Eccentric Isotonic contraction does what to the muscle Lengthens it
When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate and the receptors open what ion enters the muscle fiber sarcoplasm Sodium ions , This is what will cause a depolarization and cause a action potential at the sarcolemma to release calcium
The Z-Discs in the sarcomere anchors what The Thin Filaments
A sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that is external to the epimysium and separates individual muscles is what Deep Fascia
What type of a gated channel are the acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate Chemical Gated
Created by: scones and joe
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