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Chapter 1 geography
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Borderland | General term for a linear zone that parallels a political boundary |
Transition zone | An area of spatial change where the peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join |
Physiographic region | A region within which there prevails substantial natural-landscape homogeneity |
continentality | The variation of the continental effect on air temperatures in the interior portions of the world’s landmasses. |
Rain shadow effect | The dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting from , wherein moist air masses are forced to deposit most of the water across highlands. |
Federation | A country adhering to a political framework a central government represents the various subnational entities in nation-state have common interests |
Aquifer | An underground reservoir of water contained within a porous, water-bearing rock layer. |
Fossil Fuel | The energy resources of coal, natural gas, and petroleum so named collectively because they were formed by the geologic compression |
Urban System | A hierarchical network or grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area, such as a country. |
American Manufacturing belt | North America’s near-rectangular core area, whose corners are Boston, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Baltimore. |
Distribution center | A centralized focus of economic activity specializing in the distribution of goods, situated as a major hub on its regional transportation network. |
Intermodal connections | Facilities and activities related to the transfer of goods in transit from one transportation mode to another |
Outer City | The non-central-city portion of the American metropolis, this outer ring was transformed into a full-fledged city during the late twentieth century. |
Deindustrialization | by which companies relocate manufacturing jobs to other regions or countries with cheaper labor. |
Central businesses district | The downtown heart of a central city; marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of |
Information economy | The new, increasingly dominant, postindustrial economy that is maturing in the most highly advanced countries of North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim. |
GPS | The orbiting-satellite-based navigation system that provides locational and time information, anywhere on or near the Earth’s surface. |
Gentrification | The upgrading of an older residential area through private reinvestment, usually in the downtown area of a central city. |
Neighborhood effect | The impact of one’s neighborhood on an individual’s outlook, aspirations, socialization, and life chances. |
Residential geography | most often used by urban geographers to describe the clustering of social groups into the neighborhoods that form the residential of cities, suburbs. |
Sunbelt | The popular name given to the southern tier of the United States, which is anchored by the mega-States of California, Texas, and Florida. |
migration | A change in residence intended to be permanent. |
Electoral Geography | The spatial distribution of political preferences as expressed in voting behavior for political parties and/or candidates. |
melting pot | Traditional characterization of American society as a blend of numerous immigrant ethnic groups that over time were assimilated into a single society. |
First Nations | Name given Canada’s indigenous peoples of American descent, whose U.S. counterparts are called Native Americans. |
World-City | A large city with particularly significant international (economic) linkages that also has a high ranking in the global urban system. |
Techno pole | A planned techno-industrial complex (such as California’s Silicon Valley) that innovates, promotes, and manufactures. |
Pacific rim | group of countries they face the Pacific Ocean; high levels of economic development, industrialization, and urbanization; imports and exports Pacific waters. |
Tar Sands | The main source of oil from non-liquid petroleum reserves. The oil is mixed with sand and requires massive open-pit mining as well as a costly Extraction. |
Boreal Forest | The subarctic, mostly coniferous snowforest that blankets Canada south of the tundra that lines the Arctic shore; known as the taiga in Russia. |