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Chp 25
Disorders of Coronary & Peripheral Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute coronary syndrome | any group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia |
| Aneurysm | stretching and bulging of an arterial wall, usually caused by weakening of the vessel |
| Angina pectoris | chest pain of cardiac origin |
| Angiogenesis | regeneration of blood vessels |
| Ankle-brachial index | measurement used to detect peripheral artery disease (PAD) |
| Arteriosclerosis | loss of elasticity or hardening of the arteries |
| Atherectomy | surgical removal of fatty plaque from arteries by inserting a cardiac catheter with a cutting tool at the tip or performing laser angioplasty |
| Atheroma | fatty mass within the arterial wall |
| Atherosclerosis | condition in which the lumen of the artery fills with fatty deposits, chiefly composed of cholesterol |
| Bruit | purring or blowing sound caused by blood flowing over the rough surface of one or both carotid arteries |
| Cardiac rehabilitation | program following a cardiac event that combines exercise and educational activities to speed recovery and reduce or prevent recurring episodes |
| Cholesterol | fatty (lipid) substance |
| Collateral Circulation | circulation formed by smaller blood vessels branching off from or near larger occluded vessels |
| Coronary artery disease | arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries supplying the myocardium |
| Coronary Occlusion | obstruction of a coronary artery that reduces or totally interrupts blood supply to the distal muscle area |
| Coronary stent | small, metal coil with mesh-like openings placed within the coronary artery during PTCA that prevents the coronary artery from collapsing |
| Coronary thrombosis | blood clot within a coronary artery |
| Critical limb ischemia | complication of peripheral artery disease characterized by open sores or infections that do not resolve, become gangrenous, and threaten the viability of the limb, making amputation necessary |
| Electron beam computed tomography | radiologic test that produces x-rays of the coronary arteries using an electron beam |
| Embolus | moving mass of particles, either solid or gas, within the bloodstream |
| Enhanced external counterpulsation | noninvasive and nonsurgical therapy that helps relieve angina using a pressure suit that moves blood toward the heart |
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | lipoprotein that has a higher ratio of protein than cholesterol -good cholesterol |
| Homocysteine | amino acid created during the metabolism of protein -elevated levels are believed to impair memory & contribute to above-normal cholesterol levels |
| Hyperlipidemia | high levels of fat in the blood |
| Infarct | area of tissue that dies from inadequate oxygenation |
| Intermittent claudication | leg pain with exercise |
| Ischemia | impaired oxygenation of cells and tissues |
| Isoenzyme | one of several forms of an enzyme that can be identified separately |
| Laser angioplasty | use of short pulses of light to vaporize arterial plaque |
| Lipid profile | group of tests that measure various blood fats -typically consists of measuring serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides |
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | protein in blood that has a higher ratio of cholesterol than protein -bad cholesterol |
| Myocardial infarction | interruption in blood supply to cardiac muscle -heart attack |
| Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty | procedure in which a ballon-tipped catheter is inserted into a diseased coronary artery, then inflated to compress atherosclerosis plaque |
| Peripheral vascular disease | disorders that affect blood vessels distant from the large central blood vessels supplying the myocardium or that circulate blood directly in and out of the heart |
| Phlebothrombosis | clot formation with minimal or no venous inflammation |
| Phytoestrogens | plant sources of estrogen |
| Plaque | fatty deposits composed chiefly of cholesterol |
| Subendocardial infarction | death of tissue that does not extend through the full thickness of the myocardial wall |
| Thrombolytic agent | drugs that dissolve blood clots |
| Thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein accompanied by clot or thrombus formation |
| Thrombosis | formation of a blood clot |
| Thrombus | stationary blood clot |
| Topical hyperbaric oxygen | therapy used to treat chronic, non-healing skin lesions by delivering oxygen above atmospheric pressure directly to the wound |
| Transmural infarction | death of tissue that extends through the full thickness of the myocardial wall |
| Transmyocardial revascularization | laser procedure that improves oxygenation of myocardial tissue by creating channels into which oxygenated blood seeps and is absorbed by the ischemic myocardium |
| Varicose veins | dilated, tortuous veins |
| Vein ligation | surgical treatment for severe varicose veins in which the affected veins are tied off above and below the area of incompetent valves, but the dysfunctional vein remains |
| Vein stripping | surgical treatment for severe varicose veins in which the affected veins are severed and removed |
| Venous insufficiency | peripheral vascular disorder in which the flow of venous blood is impaired through deep or superficial veins, or both |
Created by:
ahoyyitbeaddi
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