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Sboggs

Degenerative Chnages in Aging

TermDefinition
Accumulated mutation theory Developmental theory of aging suggesting that genes that determine survival at younger ages have greater influence than genes expressed at older ages
Antagonistic pleiotropy theory Developmental theory of aging suggesting that genes may have beneficial effects during early life, but harmful effects as the individual ages
Calcitonin Hormone promoting the deposition of calcium and phosphate in bone; produced primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, with other sources including the parathyroid and thymus glands
Cellular senescence Developmental theory suggesting that aging is caused by an intrinsic loss of the capacity of the cell to proliferate, triggered by a critical loss of telomere
Chondrocalcinosis Calcification of cartilage
Developmental theories Theory implicating the influence of genetics as the major determinant of aging
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) Specialized, low-level radiographic technique used to measure bone density
Error theory
Free radical theory Stochastic theory of aging suggesting that intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the final determination of life span
Immune senescence Progressive dysfunction of the immune system associated with aging; characterized by both diminished and enhanced immune responses
Immunologic theory of aging Developmental theory of aging associated with reduced resistance to disease secondary to reduced T-cell function and enhanced autoimmune reponses
Kyphosis Exaggerated anterior concave curvature of the thoracic spine associated with osteoporosis
Life expectancy The age at which 50% of a given population is expected to survive
Lipofuscin Fatty brown lipid pigment; intracellular deposition causing stiffening or rigidity of cellular structure
Menopausal bone loss Rapid phase of bone loss in women after menopause
Neurofibrillary tangles Twisted, helical structure of accumulated proteins, primarily including tau; commonly associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Neuroendocrine theory Developmental theory of aging suggesting that the interrelationship between neurons and associated hormones serves as the stimulus for aging
Osteopenia Reduced calcification or skeletal bone mass; precursor to osteoporosis
Osteoporosis Condition characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue; associated with increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture
Sarcopenia Loss of skeletal muscle associated with aging
Senescence Postmaturational processes that lead to diminished homeostasis and increased vulnerability; used interchangeable with aging
Senescent bone loss Slower loss phase that affects both men and women; associated with aging
Senile plaque Accumulations of proteins surrounding deposits of B-amyloid protein
Somatic mutation theory Stochastic theory of aging suggesting that the aging process is caused by impaired DNA repair, antioxidant defense, or errors in protein expression
Stochastic theory Theory positing that aging is the result of cumulative cellular damage
Created by: sboggs2398
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