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Exam #8
Chapters 18, 20, 31, & 39
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the most common injury for healthcare workers? | -back strain |
Why does the older adult have a higher risk for pressure injuries? | -decreased muscle mass -decreased connective tissues -decreased elastin/collagen fibers -less moisture in skin |
What do you assess for in the sitting patient? | -body/weight symmetry |
What do you assess for in the lying patient? | -body alignment and correct positioning |
What are variations of the supine position? | -fowler, semi-fowler, and low fowler -dorsal recumbent and lithotomy |
What are variations of the side-lying position? | -sims |
What are variations of the prone position? | -knee-chest position |
What should room temperature be kept at for the older adult? | 68-74 F |
What environmental factors must be controlled? | -temperature, ventilation, humidity, lighting, odor, and noise |
What is the difference between a positive and negative airflow? | -positive airflow maintains airflow into the room -negative airflow maintains airflow out of the room |
What range of humidity is normally comfortable? Why is low humidity undesirable? | -30-50% -dries skin and respiratory passages |
What is the ideal lighting for patient rooms? | -bright enough to see without glare and avoid eyestrain, and soft/diffuse to prevent sharp shadows |
What effects can noise have on a patient? | -can interrupt sleep, and may increase blood pressure and interfere with healing |
What are two things nurses can do to prevent odors? | -do not dispose of odorous trash in patient room -do not wear scented lotions/perfumes in patient care setting |
When cleaning the patient's room, what should be included? | -straightening up bed -removing old dishes & unused equipment |
What is important about bed safety? | -ensure bed is locked unless it is being moved |
When is an occupied bed made? | -only when the patient cannot leave the bed/bed rest |
What are the three most common factors that predispose a person to falls? | -impaired physical mobility -altered mental status -sensory/motor deficiencies |
What patients are at a higher risk for burns? | -diabetes, impaired circulation, paralysis -taking medications that alter mental awareness |
what does the acronym PASS mean? | how to use fire extinguisher -Pull the pin -Aim at the base of the fire -Squeeze the trigger -Sweep side to side |
What does the acronym RACE mean? | -Rescue patients in immediate danger -Activate fire alarm -Contain fire by closing doors/open windows -Extinguish flames or Evacuate |
What are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for? | consulted for recommended methods of storage, labeling, handling, spills, and disposal. |
What are the symptoms of Acute Radiation Sickness? (ARS) | -initial symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -possible later effects: loss of appetite, fatigue, fever, skin damage, hair loss, potentially seizures, coma, death |
How are patients triaged? | according to priority of care: immediate, delayed, minimal, or expectant |
What are the characteristics of each level of triage? | -immediate: require life-saving care -delayed: major or prolonged care -minimal: minor injuries -expectant: severe life-threatening injuries who probably will not survive even with medical care |
When reporting a known or suspected poisoning, report the following: | -name of product -patient age -amount of product involved -symptoms/complaints |
Using protective devices as punishment or discipline for a patient is: | illegal, unethical, unacceptable, constitutes malpractice |
What two situations are restraints okay to be used? | -behavioral or nonbehavioral indications |
What should be documented about patient pain? | -nature (sharp, dull, burning, aching, squeezing, deep, pressing, gnawing) -intensity (mild, moderate, severe) -location -onset (sudden, slowly, gradually build up in intensity) |