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Week 8 Patho
Throid stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the thyroid gland do? (review) | Produces triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) Regulate metabolism, growth and development |
| How are the Thyroid hormones released?(review) | Hypothalamus synthesizes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the pituitary TSH stimulates the production of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland |
| What is Goiter and why does it develop? | The enlargement of the thyroid gland, often visible on the anterior of the neck; Develops in response to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism |
| What is endemic Goiter? | Hypothyroid condition |
| Why does Endemic Goiter occur? | low Iodine levers; |
| Explain what normally happens and what happens in endemic Goiter. | NORMALLY: iodine is trapped by thyroid gland and used to synthesized (T3) and (T4) The dietary deficiency lead to low T3 and T4 production and a compensatory in TSH from the pituitary, producing hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the thyroid gland |
| What can help resolve Endemic Goiter? | Iodized salt |
| What is Toxic Goiter? | Hyperthyroid Condition |
| Why does Toxic Goiter occur? | results from hyperactivity of the thyroid gland due to excessive stimulation by TSH |
| What will an increase of TSH do in the body? And does it occur in endemic or toxic loiter? | Hyperplasia: Enlargement of the organ or tissue caused by increase cell reproduction Hypertrophy: Increase growth in muscle cells Can occur in both Toxic and Endemic |
| What are Goitrogens? and name some examples | foods that contain elements that block synthesis T3 and T4 but increases TSH cabbage, turnips, lithium |
| Explain the pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism | Decreased production on of the thyroid hormones Increased of secretion of TSH Formation of goiter |
| what is the etiology (cause) of Hypothyroidism? | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Myxedema Cretinism |
| what is Hashimotos thyroiditis? | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – a destructive autoimmune disorder |
| what is cretinism? | untreated congenital hypothyroidism –lack of treatment leads to severe impairment in all aspects of growth and development because thyroid hormone affects the metabolism of all cells |
| what is maxedema? | Myxedema –severe hypothyroidism in adults – myxedema refers to non-pitting edema manifested as facial puffiness and a thick tongue |
| What are some clinical manifestations/signs and symptoms go Hypothyroidism ? | Confusion, memory loss, anemia, bradycardia dec appetite, muscle stiffness, intolerance to cold, deem in face, extreme fatigue, dry skin hair loss |
| What is the action and use of levothyroxine (Eltroxin®) ? | Synthetic form of T4 for Hypothyroidism Drug increases metabolic rate, thereby increasing oxygen consumption, respiration, and heart rate increases the rate of fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism; and promotes growth and maturation |
| What are some adverse effects of levothyroxine (Eltroxin®) ? | palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, headache, diarrhea, nausea |
| Explain the pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism | Increased T3 and T4 Manifested by the signs of hyper-metabolism, toxic goiter, and exophthalmos Increased stimulation of the SNS magnifies the metabolic effects |
| What is the etiology (cause) of Hyperthyroidism? | Grave's Disease Associated with autoimmune abnormalities |
| What are some diagnostic test for Hypothyroidism? | T3 and T4 levels (low) TSH levels (high) Uptake of radioactive iodine (T3 uptake test) Thyroid scans to search for thyroid tumors |
| What is Graves Disease? | autoimmune disease: Body produces thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) which acts like TSH to produce more T3 and T4 |
| What are some clinical manifestations/signs and symptoms go Hyperthyroidism ? | Exophthalmos: evident by the presence of protruding, staring eyes, and decrease blink and eye movement Weight loss, Increased appetite, heat intolerance, tachycardia, muscle wasting |
| What is Thyrotoxic Crisis (Thyroid Storm)? | Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, usually precipitated by infection or surgery |
| what does Thyroid Storm result in? | Hyperthermia Tachycardia Heart failure Delirium |
| What is the action and use of propylthiouracil (Propyl-Thyracil®) PTU ? | Hyperthyroidism inhibits the first step in the synthesis of thyroid hormone and suppresses the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 |
| What is the adverse effects of propylthiouracil (Propyl-Thyracil®) PTU ? | 15% to 20% of clients taking this drug will experience leukopenia Serious hypersensitivity reactions are rar CNS effects include headache, vertigo, neuritis, and paresthesias. |
Created by:
Omyy
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