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Nutrition(FoN)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of nutrition? | The study of nutrients |
| What are nutrients? | substances used for body growth, energy and development; build and maintain bones, muscles and skin; and help with approppriate development and body system functions |
| What does BMI stand for? What is it used for? | Body Mass Index; to determine how much of a patient's body is fat |
| What is a Normal BMI range? What is an extreme obesity BMI range? | Normal: 18.5-24.9 Extreme Obesity: greater than 40 |
| What is the underweight BMI range? What is the overweight BMI range? What is the obese BMI range? | Underweight:18.5 and under Overweight:25-29.9 Obese:30-39.9 |
| What factors affect nutrition? | Developmental considerations, Gender, State of Health, Alcohol, Meidcation, Megadoses/supplements |
| Who requires more nutrients men or women? | Men |
| When doing a dietary data screening, what are you looking for? | Cues assosciated with nutritional problems |
| Which assessments can be used for assessing in-take? | 24-hour recall; Food diary |
| How long should a patient keep a food diary? | 3-5 days and include a typical weekend intake |
| What is dysphagia? | Difficulty swallowing |
| Which conditions put a patient at risk for dysphagia? | Seizures; Stroke(CVA), Dementia, GERD, diseases that affect mobility ( |
| Which pyschosocial factors affect a patients intake? | economic, religion, cultural, meaning of food, inadequate knowledge/illeteracy, social isolation, and inability to prepare food |
| What is malabsorption? What are common problems assosciated with this? | Poor or problematic absorption of nutrient in the intestinal tract Weight-loss, fatigue, gastrointestinal upset, vitamin deficiencies, anemia |
| What is a vitamin C deficiency called? What can it lead to? | Scurvy Gingivitis and joint pain |
| What is Anorexia? | Loss of Appetite |
| What is Anorexia Nervosa? | A severe eating disorder characterized by lack of intake as a result of altered mental state |
| what is Bulimia Nervosa? | An eating disorder characterized by binging and purging |
| What is a clear liquid diet? Give some examples | No pulp or dairy Examples: Chicken broth, jell-o , and fruit juice pops |
| What is a full liquid diet? Name some examples. | Foods that are liquid at body temp Examples: Ice cream, pudding |
| What are two types of modified diets? | Mechanical Soft and Thickened Liquids |
| What kind of diet is a Diabetic diet (ADA)? | Carbohydrate controlled |
| What are common nursing interventions related to nutrition? | Educating, monitoring nutritional status, stimulating appetite, assisting with eating, providing oral nutrition, provide long term nutritional support, |
| What should you do while assisting for feeding? | engage as much as possible, conversate, ensure pt is using assistive devices(hearing aid, glasses), Ask pt what they would like assistance with, Use clock format when feeding the blind |
| What is a cardiac diet? | Low sodium, low cholesterol |
| What is a Renal diet? | restrict potassium, sodium, protein, and phosphorous |
| When is NPO common? | After/Before Surgery GI bleeding or intestinal blockage |
| What are some commone cultural/religious diets you may encounter? | Kosher- no pork, shellfish, rare meat, blood. No combining diary and meat Catholic-observe certain days of fasting Traditions that view "hot" and "cold" food as healing Islamic: Restriction of alcohol pork and caffeine Month long fasting during Ramadan |
| What is aspiration? | When fluid or food is inhaled into the respiratory tract |
| What should a nurse monitor for as signs of aspiration? | coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, apnea, bradycardia, hypotension |
| What do you do when feeding a patient with dysphagia? | Allow them a 30 minute rest before eating, Sit up-right at 90 degrees to eat, collaborate with speech therapist, Alternate solids/liquids |
| What do you look for when feeding a patient with dysphagia? | Coughing, incomplete lip closure, poor tongue control, excessive chewing, gagging, pocketing of food, refusal to eat |
| Which enteral tube feedings can nurses place? | Nasogastric, jejunal, or gastric tubes |
| Which forms of giving Enteral nutrition are need to be surgically or endoscopically placed? | Nasointestinal, Gastrotomy, Jejunostomy, PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy), PEJ (percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy) |
| Which tube feedings are short-term? | nasogastric and Nasointestinal |
| What can NI and NG terms be used for besides enteral nutrition? | suction, decompression during CPR, and irrigation |
| How do you confirm placement of a NI/NG tube? | Initially with a Chest x-ray; By pH level - Stomach: less than 5.5 Intestine: over 7 |
| How is long-term nutrition provided? | Usually surgically placed into stomach of jejunem |
| Which Enteral tube feeding is preferred for coma tose patients? | Gastrotomy |
| What are the important factors of enteral tube management/care? | 1. Check placement. 2. Check residual volume 3.Asses for bowel sounds(digestion) 4. Keep patient upright (30 to 45) 5. Check tube is connected appropriately 6. Flush with 30 mL every four hours 7. Assess skin around PEG tube for skin breakdown/infection |
| What should you keep in mind while giving meds through an enteral tube? | Always flush first, and in between each med, Use only liquid meds and do not mix meds. NEVER PUT MEDS IN TUBE FEEDING |
| What is Parenteral Nutrition? | Nutrition goes directly into veins by either a PIC or CVC by an infusion pump |
| What are common complications of parenteral nutrition? | phlebitis(inflammation of veins), insertion problems, infection and sepsis, metabolic alterations, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, liver and gullbladder disease, hyperlipidimia |
| What are the two types of diabetes? How do they differ? | Type 1:common in kids; body does not produce insulin, life-long Type 2: adulthood, body produces insufficient or too little insulin, indiviualized diet.(monitor carbs,Sat.Fat < 7%, cholesterol less than 200mg/daily) |
| What are the three P's? | Symptoms of diabetes; Polydypsia(frequent thirst), Polyurea (frequent urination), Polyphagia (Excessive hunger) |
| Which type of diabetics utilize hypoglycemic medications? | Type 2 |
| When perfoming Blood Glucose testing what should the normal glucose level be? Who can preform normal glucose testing? | 70-110 mg/dL; can be delegated to UAP |
| What is hypoglycemia? What are signs of it? | Low blood sugar; Fatigue, Diaphoresis(excessive sweating), pallor, irritability, lack of coordenation, hunger, |
| What is hyperglycemia? What are the symptoms of it? | Dry Mouth, Blurred vision, Weakness, The three P's, Headache |
| What nursing interventions do nurses utilize to prevent/deal with stomal infection? Which interventions for nasal erosion? diarrhea? Clogged tube? | Stomal infection: Assess, clean w/soap and warm water, collaborate with wound care specialist prn Nasal Erosion: assess, moisten w/ Vaseline qh4;slow feed rate Diarhea: assess for breakdown fecal impaction, refrigerate open formula, d/c after 24hours |
| What interventions are utilized to prevent/deal w/ aspiration? | Elevate bed to 30 - 40 during and for 1hr after feeeding, Check tube placement, small frequent feedings, avoid oversedation, check residual policy |
| What do you do if unplanned extubation occurs? | If it's a GI; replace the tube. Surgical: follow poliy, contact surgeon imm. |
| What interventions should a nurse perform if they have Other GI symptoms (nausea, vomitting, distention)? What shoould a nurse do for a clogged tube? | Other GI sympt:Check res. volume, q4h during cont. feedings; administer GI mobility meds prn Clogged tube: Flush before/after use, q4h during cont. feedings and after aspirate, Use 30- 50 mL of Warm water in a 50 or 60mL syringe to attempt to unclog tube |
Created by:
Lizrod827
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