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Eye disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T or F? Strabismus is involuntary oscillation of the eyeball. | False (Nystagmus is involuntary oscillation of the eyeball. Strabismus is a condition in which there is deviation from perfect ocular alignment.) |
| drooping eyelid | ptosis |
| involuntary oscillation of the eyeball | nystagmus |
| binocular microscope mounted on a table; enables the user to examine the eye with magnification of 10 to 40 times the real image; the illumination can be varied from a broad to a narrow beam of light for different parts of the eye | slit lamp |
| a test often used for pts w/macular problems, such as macular degeneration; mark areas of the ____ ____ that you're not seeing properly | Amsler grid |
| normal refractive condition resulting in clear focus on retina; no optical defects | emmetropia |
| nearsightedness; light rays focus in front of the retina | myopia |
| farsightedness; light rays focus behind the retina | hyperopia |
| refractive error due to an irregularity in the curvature of the cornea | astigmatism |
| vision is impaired because a shortened or elongated eyeball prevents light rays from focusing sharply on the retina; blurred vision can be corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses | refractive errors |
| visional impairment that requires devices and strategies in addition to corrective lenses; best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/70 to 20/200 | low vision |
| best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/400 to no light perception | blindness |
| best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) that does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest filed of vision is 20 degrees or less | legal blindness |
| glaucoma meds? increase aqueous outflow or decrease aqueous production; may constrict the pupil and may affect ability to focus the lens of the eye; affects vision; may also may produce systemic effects | acetazolamide/Diamox and timolol/Timoptic |
| side effects of long-term topical _____ include glaucoma, cataracts, and increased risk of infection; to avoid these effects, oral ____ therapy may be used as an alternate | steroids; NSAID |
| a group of ocular conditions in which damage to the optic nerve is related to ↑ intraocular pressure (IOP) caused by congestion of the aqueous humor; leading cause of blindness in adults in the US; incidence increases with age; "silent thief of sight" | glaucoma |
| S/Sx: peripheral vision loss, blurring, halos, difficulty focusing, difficulty adjusting eyes to low lighting; may also have aching or discomfort around eyes or HA | glaucoma |
| instill which one first...eye drops or ointments? | instill eye drops before applying ointments |
| an opacity or cloudiness of the lens; increased incidence with aging; by age 80 years, more than half of all Americans have this; a leading cause of disability in the United States | cataracts |
| S/Sx: -Painless, blurry vision -Sensitivity to glare -Reduced visual acuity -Other effects include myopic shift; astigmatism; diplopia (double vision); and color shifts, including brunescens (color value shift to yellow-brown) | cataracts |
| elective procedures performed to correct refractive errors (myopia or hyperopia) and astigmatism by reshaping the cornea | refractive surgery |
| D/c instructions after cataract surgery w/a lens implant? -Sleep on side of affected eye night after surgery -Resume normal activities on postop day 2 -Avoid bending or stooping for extended period -Attempt to hold in sneeze if it occurs. | Avoid bending or stooping for extended period |
| the separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the neurosensory layer; S/Sx: sensation of a shade or curtain coming across the vision of one eye, bright flashing lights, sudden onset of floaters | retinal detachment |
| two types of macular degeneration? which one is more common? test used? | dry (or nonexudative) and wet; dry more common; Amsler grid |
| retinal surgeon compresses the sclera to indent the scleral wall from the outside of the eye and bring the two retinal layers in contact with each other | scleral buckle |
| yellow deposits under the retina, made up of lipids and proteins; likely do not cause age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but having this increases a person's risk of developing AMD | drusen |
| bacterial, viral (contagious), fungal, parasitic, allergic, toxic; S/Sx: foreign-body sensation, scratching or burning sensation, itching, photophobia; unilateral or bilateral, but usually starts in one eye and then spreads to other eye by hand contact | conjunctivitis (“pink eye”) |
| When educating the public about eye safety, the nurse would instruct that if chemical exposure or irritant to the eye occurs the eye should be flushed with water for how long? -5 minutes -10 minutes -15 minutes -20 minutes | 20 minutes (When an exposure occurs, the eye should be continuously flushed with tap water for 20 minutes. It is important to begin the flushing process within 5 minutes for the best outcome.) |
| Which surgical procedure involves flattening the anterior curvature of the cornea by removing a stromal lamella? -Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) -Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) -Keratoconus -Keratoplasty | Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) |
| Which of the following surgical procedures involves taking a piece of silicone plastic or sponge and sewing it onto the sclera at the site of a retinal tear? -Scleral buckle -Pars plana vitrectomy -Pneumatic retinopexy -Phacoemulsification | Scleral buckle |
| Which of the following eye disorders is caused by an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)? -Glaucoma -Cataracts -Hyperopia -Myopia | Glaucoma |
| Nurse should recognize greatest risk for development of blindness in who? -58-year-old Caucasian woman w/macular degeneration -28-year-old Caucasian man w/astigmatism -58-year-old black woman w/hyperopia -28-year-old black man w/myopia | 58-year-old Caucasian woman with macular degeneration |
| When obtaining health history from a pt w/retinal detachment, a nurse expects pt to report: -light flashes and floaters in front of eye -recent driving accident while changing lanes -HAs, nausea, and redness of eyes -frequent episodes of double vision | light flashes and floaters in front of the eye |
| A client has been referred to an ophthalmologist for suspected macular degeneration. The nurse knows to prepare what test for the physician to give the client? -Ishihara polychromatic plates -Visual field -Amsler grid -Slit lamp | Amsler grid |
| diagnostic sign of age-related dry macular degeneration? | appearance of tiny, yellow spots (drusen) in the field of vision |
| Which of the following would be an inaccurate clinical manifestation of a retinal detachment? -Pain -Sudden onset of a greater number of floaters -Cobwebs -Bright flashing lights | Pain (Patient may report the sensation of a shade or curtain coming across the vision of one eye, cobwebs, bright flashing lights, or the sudden onset of a great number of floaters. Patients do no complain of pain.) |
| more commonly known as cross-eyed or wall-eyed; a vision condition in which a person can not align both eyes simultaneously under normal conditions; one or both of the eyes may turn in, out, up or down | strabismus |
| the procedure eye care professionals perform to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP); an important test in the evaluation of patients at risk from glaucoma | tonometry |
Created by:
nurse savage
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