click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nutrition
Chapter 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Food | the plants and animals we consume |
nutrition | the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health |
chronic diseases | diseases that come on slowly and can persist for years often despite treatment |
wellness | a multidimensional active process by which people make choices that enhance their lives. |
nutrients | chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function |
organic | a substance or nutrient that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen |
inorganic | a substance or nutrient that does not contain carbon and hydrogen |
macronutrients | nutrients that our body need in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are energy-yeilding macronutrients. |
6 group of nutrients | carbohydrates, fats and oils, protiens, vitamins, minerals, water |
kilocalorie | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram(2.2 pounds) of water by 1 degree |
pellegra is caused by a deficiency of | niacin |
Name the fat soluble vitamins | A D E and K |
Water soluble | C B vitamins (thiamin, ribovlavin, niacin, vitamin b6 b12 pantothenic acid biotin and folate |
major minerals | calcium phosphate,, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfur |
trace | iron, zinc , copper, manganese, fluoride, chromium, selenium , iodine, molybdenum |
carbohydrates | the primary fuel source for our body, particularly for our brain and physical exercise |
fats | important energy source for our body at Rest and during low intensity exercise |
proteins | the ONLY macronutrient that contains NITROGEN, the basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids |
micronutrients | nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions. Vitamins and minerals are nutrients |
vitamins | organic compounds that assist in the regulation of many body processes and he maintenance of many body tissues. Also refers to the assembly . of smaller units into larger compounds. |
metabolism | Chemical reactions by which compounds , carbs, fats, and protiens are broken . down into smaller units the body can use. |
fat-soluble vitamis | vitamins that are not soluble in water but are soluble in fat. A D E k |
water-soluble vitamins | vitamins that are soluble in water include C and the B vitamins |
minerals | inorganic elements that assist in the regulation of many body processes and the maintenance of many body tissues |
major minerals | minerals we need to consume in amounts of at least 100 mg per day and of which the total amount our body is at least 65 g |
trace minerals | minerals we need to consume in the amounts of at least 100mg per day and which the total body weight is less than 5 g |
scientific method | the standardized multistep process scientists use to examine evidence and test hypothesis |
hypothesis | an educated guess as to why a phenomenon occurs |
theory | a conclusion , or scientific consensus , drawn from repeated experiments |
Epidemiological studies | studies that examine patterns of health and disease in defined populations |
prevalence | the percentage of the population that is affected with a particular disease at a given time |
incidence | the rate of new or newly diagnosed within a period of time |
observational studies | studies that indicate relationships between nutrition habits, disease trends, and other health phenomena of a large populations of humans |
case controls studies | observational studies that compare groups with and without conditions, allowing researchers to gain a better understanding of factors tat may influence disease |
clinical trials | tightly controlled experiments in which and intervention is given to determine its effect on a certain disease or health condition |
placebo | an imitation treatment having no active ingredient that is sometimes used in a clinical trial |
conflict of interest | a situation n which a person is in a position to derive a personal benefit and unfair advantage from actions or decisions made in their offica capacity |
quackery | the promotion of an unproven remedy, such as a supplement or other product or service usually by someone unlicensed and untrained |
EAR | Estimated Average requirement is the average dailu intake level estimated to meet the needs of HALF the people in a certain group. Scientist use it to calculate RDA |
RDA | The recommended Dietary Allowance is the average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of nearly ALL the people in a certain . group. |
AI | The adequate intake is the average daily intake assumed . to be adequate. Used when EAR cannot be determined. Aim for this if there is no RDA |
UL | the Tolerable upper limit is the highest average daily intake likely to pose no health risk. Do not exceed this |
AMDR | The acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range is the recommended range of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total energy |
EER | The Estimated Energy Requirement is the average daily energy intake predicted to meet t he needs of . healthy adults. |
RD | A professional designation that requires a minimum of a bachelors degree in nutrition, completion of a supervised clinical exp and a passing grade on a national exam with Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. |
NIN | National Institute of Health the worlds leading research . and the focal point of medical research for the USA |
CDC | Centers of Disease Control and Prevention the leading FEDERAL agency in the US that PROTECTS the health and SAFETY of [people |