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Physical Asses/Tests

Physical Assessment and Special Exams/ Tests

QuestionAnswer
List four purposes of a physical assessment. Evaluate client's current physical condition, detect early signs of developing health problems, establish a baseline for future comparisons, evaluate client responses to medical and nursing interventions.
Name four assessment techniques. Inspection, percussion, palpation, and auscultation.
List at least five items needed when performing a basic physical assessment. The nurse needs gloves, exam gown, cloth or paper drape, stethoscope, penlight, and tongue blade, as well as other instruments for taking vital signs/height and weight.
Discuss at least three criteria for an appropriate assessment environment. The assessment environment should be near a restroom, private, warm, and adequately lit. There should be an adjustable bed/table.
Identify at least five assessments that can be obtained during the initial survey of clients. Physical appearance, level of consciousness, posture, gait, movement, body size, mood/emotional tone.
State two reasons for draping clients. Drapes during a physical exam protect the client's modesty and provide warmth.
Differentiate a head-to-toe and a body systems approach to physical assessment. Head-to-toe involves gathering data from the top of the body to the feet. Body systems organizes data collection according to the functional systems of the body.
List six ways in which the body may be divided for organizing data collection. The head and neck, the chest, the extremities, the abdomen, the genitalia, and the anus and rectum.
Identify two self-examinations that nurses should teach their adult clients. Teach adult male clients how to perform testicular self exams; and adult females how to perform self breast exams.
Differentiate between an examination and a test. An exam is a procedure that involves the physical inspection of body structures and evidence of their functions. A test involves the examination of body fluids or specimens.
List 10 general nursing responsibilities related to assisting with special examinations and tests. Ensure the client understands procedure, get consent form signed, follow test prep requirements, obtain equipment/supplies, arrange the exam area, position/draping clients, assisting examiner, provide support for client, care for specimen, rec./report
Name five positions commonly used during tests or exams. Supine, prone, dorsal recumbent, sims, lithotomy, knee-chest, and modified standing position.
Explain what is involved in a pelvic exam and a Pap test. A pelvic exam involves the inspection and palpation of the vagina and adjacent organs. This exam often includes the collection of secretions for a Pap test to ID abnormal cells, level of hormone activity and ID infectious organisms.
List six commonly performed categories of tests or exams. Specimens, x-rays, endoscopes, radioactive substances, sound waves, and electric activity.
Identify four word endings and their meanings that provide clues as to how tests or exams are performed. graphy, as in angiography, means to record an image, scopy, as in bronchoscopy, means to look through a lensed instrument; centesis, as in amniocentesis, means to puncture; and metry, as in pelvimetry, means to measure with an instrument.
Explain the following procedures: sigmoidoscopy, paracentesis, lumbar puncture, throat culture, and measurement of capillary blood glucose. Sigmoidoscopy - inspecting the rectum and sigmoid section of the lower intestine with an endoscope. paracentesis- puncturing the skin and withdrawing fluid from the abdominal cavity, lumbar punture- inserting needle b/w lumbar vertebrae in spine.
Discuss at least three factors to consider when performing exams and tests on older adults. Preventing fatigue, and dehydration, maintaining or adjusting current drug therapy and avoiding misinterpretation of lab test results that are based on norms for younger adults.
Created by: Jessica Venyke
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