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Patho Exam 2
Disorders, RBC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proto-oncogene overexpression is associated with the development of... | cancer |
| Side effects of chemotherapy include all of the following except: leukocytosis, anemia, nausea, or bleeding? | leukocytosis |
| Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces what type of necrosis? | liquefactive |
| All of the following are potentially reversible cellular responses except: necrosis, atrophy, hyperplasia, or metaplasia? | necrosis |
| G.P. is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. Which response is correct? | It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread |
| The Primary source of erythroprotein is the | Kidney |
| Which of the following tumors is malignant? | Carcinomas |
| The most common cause of anemia is | Nutritional anemia or iron deficiency |
| Pernicious anemia is caused by lack of | Intrinsic Factor |
| Which type of anemia is characterized by histologically normal RBC? | Iron deficiency anemia |
| The parents of a child with PKU are concerned about risk of transmitting the disorder in pregnancies. What is the correct assessment of the risk? | Each child has a 25% chance of being affected |
| Proto-Oncogene overactivity increases cellular proliferation through all of the following mechanism except. | Excessive production of P53 |
| ---------is an enzyme that confers immortality to cancer cells | Telomerase |
| Characteristics of x-linked recessive disorders include which of the following? | All daughters of affected fathers being CARRIERS |
| An individual heterozygous for sickle cell anemia is resistant to | Malaria |
| The most important differentiating feature between benign and malignant tumors is | Invasiveness |
| A fetus is most vulnerable to environmental teratogens during | the first trimester |
| side effects of chemotherapy include all the following except. | Leukocytes |
| A__________occurs when non homologous chromosomes exchange segments | Translocation |
| Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs probably have | Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
| A factor associated with risk of Down Syndrome is? | Maternal age |
| Cell division resulting in 23 chromosomes occurs with | meiosis |
| Males are more likely than females to be affected by | x-linked |
| Proto-oncogenes | are normal cellular genes that promote growth |
| Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring? | Mutant tumor suppressor gene |
| After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor is | Malignant |
| After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will | Kill rapidly dividing cells |
| The most common tumor suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is | P53 |
| Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene | occurs at an earlier age |
| Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as | Carcinomas |
| Retrovirus are associated with human cancers, including | Burkitt lymphoma |
| Cancer grading is based on | Cell differentiation |
| The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be due to | tumor necrosis factor |
| Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts due to cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is | Calcium |
| Side effects of chemotherapy include | anemia, nausea, bleeding and infections |
| what is the most common leukocytes? | Neutrophils |
| The major cause of death form leukemic disease is | Infection |
| A 58 year old women is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest X-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is | myeloma |
| Renal insufficiency is a common complications of which disease? | Myeloma |
| The patient is a 12 year old boy dignosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is | Infection |
| while in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is | activity restriction |
| Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome | CML |
| In general, the best prognosis for long term disease free survival occurs with | ALL |
| Which type of leukemia primarily affects children? | ALL |
| Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of acute lymphoid leukemia? | Pain in long bones, infection, fever |
| Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with | Epstein-Barr virus |
| A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is | Bence Jones proteins in the urine |
| A 5 year old patients parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk due to pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is | ALL |
| The patient is a 12 year old bout with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Manifestations of the patients leukemia prior to treatment may include | anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia |
| A patient is diagnosed with CML. The patient may experience which of these symptoms | Fatigue, weight loss, Abdominal discomfort, Sweats |
| A patient is diagnosed with stage IIA Hodgkin disease. This patients clinical stage was most likely determined by | patient history, CT scan, physical examination |
| A patient is diagnosed with myeloma. The nurse teaches the patient about the multiple tumor sites that can develop with this cancer. The possible tumor sites in myeloma include the | liver, spleen , kidneys |
| A Patient is diagnosed with hairy cell leukemia. The patients lab results would most likely indicate a decrease in | granulocytes, platelets, red blood cells |
| The known curative treatment for CML is______bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor | allogeneic |
| Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the | spinal cord |
| Information parents should be given about the consequences of PKU includes | Failure to avoid phenylalanine results in progressive mental retardation |
| A point mutation | involves the substitution of a single base pair |
| Cystic fibrosis is a single gene disorder that primarily affects | lungs and pancreas |
| Huntington disease is often transferred to offspring before a parent know of the genetic possibility of this disease, because | symptoms often do not occur until approximately 40 year of age |
| Hunginton disease primarily affects the___system | neurologic |
| Absence of the Y Chromosomes results in a female phenotype. | True |
| RS cells are indication of | Hodgkin disease |
| As a part of his treatment for ALL, J.B. must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication. | Immunosuppression |
| Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of | Intrinsic factor |
| Sickle cell crisis causses symptoms related to the anemia and | Vascular obstruction |
| Cancer cells exhibit all of the following properties except | High differentiation |
| Hodgkin disease more commonly presents with | An enlarged painless cervical lymph node |
| Immunoglobulins produced by malignant plaasma cells are monoconal | True |
| Syndrom that occurs due to a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5, which results in severe mental retardation | Cri du chat syndrome |
| Which type of anemia is characterized by histologically normal RBCs | Aplastic anemia |
| For which of the following diseases is radiation therapy most appropriate | Hodgkin disease |
| Define Aneuploidy | An aberrant number of chromosomes |
| Major metabolic pathway used by RBCs | Emblem meyerhof pathway |
| Used by RBCs to produce NADPH and GSH | Hexose monophosphate shunt |
| Produces DPG which facilitates oxygen releases in the tissues | Rapoport leubering pathway |
| The TNM tumpor classification system describes | Locations of tumors in the body (stages of cancer) |
| An important diagnostic feature of chronic myelogenous leukemia is the presence of | The Philadelphia chromosome |
| RBCs differ from other cell types in the body because they | Have no cytoplasmic organelles |
| A loss of a segment of a chromosome is termed a | Deletions |
| Which of the following is indicative of hemolytic anemia | Jaundice |
| Most genetic mutations are not inherited and arise from new mutations during fetal development | False |
| Proto-oncogene over expression is associated with the development of | Cancer |
| A___occurs whtn non-homologous chromosomes exchange segments | Translocation |
| Which of the following chromosomal disorders is characterized as a monosomy | Turner syndrome |
| Trisomy 18 is also called down syndrome | False |
| Cancer is a multi-step process usually occuring over many years. The first step in the initiation process is though | Geneitc mutations in growth regulatory genes |
| The parent of a child with PKU are concerned about the risk of transmitting the disorder in future pregnancies. | Each child has a 25% chance of being affected |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by | Painless lymph node enlargement |
| Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood | PaO2 |
| Saturation of arterial blood | SaO2 |
| Variable which represents oxygen consumption in the tissues | VO2 |
| Represents the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in addition to the amount dissolved in plasma on the | CaO2 |
| Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring serum | Bilirubin |
| Bence-Jones proteins are indicators of | Plasma cell myeloma |
| Autologous stem cell transplantation is a produce in whch | stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient |
| The acronym TORCH refers to infections disease that may be teratogenic and include all of the following except | Syphilis |
| The most serious hemolytic disease in the newborn occurs because | RH factor incompatibility results in antibody formation against fetal RBCs |
| The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is | Erythropoietin administration |
| What chemical is produced when the iron is hemoglobin is oxidized, which helps target the RBC for destruction | Methemoglobin |
Created by:
tbrown67
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