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Mental Health
Understanding Anxiety and Anxiety Defenses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A state produced by achange in the environment that is perceived as challenging, threatening, or damaging to a person's well being. | Stress |
| The most common psychological responses of stress is | anxiety |
| A universal human experience that is a stranter to no one. | Anxiety |
| Dysfunctional behavior is often a defense against | anxiety |
| What are the four levels anxiety is experienced on? | mild, moderate, severe, and panic anxiety |
| What are the three categories anxiety can broken down into? | normal, acute, and chronic |
| A feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty or dread resulting from a real or perceived threat whose actual source is unknown or unrecognized. | anxiety |
| a reaction to a specific danger whereas anxiety is a vague sense of dread relating to an unspecified danger. | fear |
| An important distinction between anxiety and fear is that | Anxiety attacks us at a deeper level than does fear. |
| This type of anxiety provides the energy needed to carry out the tasks involved in living and striving toward goals. | Normal Anxiety |
| This type of anxiety prompts constructive behaviors | Normal Anxiety |
| This type of anxiety is precipitated by an imminent loss or change that threatens an individual's sense of security. | Acute (state) Anxiety |
| A performer may experience what type of anxiety before a concert. | Acute (state) Anxiety |
| The death of a loved one can stimulate what type of anxiety? | Acute (state) Anxiety |
| In general, crisis involves the experienc of what type of anxiety? | Acute (state) Anxiety |
| This type of anxiety is one that the person has lived with for a long time. | Chronic (trait) Anxiety |
| A child may demonstrate chronic anxiety by | A permanent attitude of apprehension or by overreaction to all unexpected environmental stimuli. |
| In adults chronic anxiety may take the form of | Chronic fatigue, insomnia, discomfort in daily activities, discomfort in personal relationships, and ineffective job performance. |
| Assessment of a patient's level of anxiety is basic to | Therapeutic intervention in any setting. |
| This level of anxiety occurs in the normal experience of everyday living. The person's ability to perceive reality is brought into sharp focus. | Mild Anxiety |
| What physical symptoms might a person with mild anxiety display? | Slight discomfort, restlessness, irritability, or mild tension-relieving behaviors. |
| The person experiencing this level of anxiety sees, hears, and grasps less information than someone who is no in this state. | Moderate Anxiety |
| When a patient sees or hears only certain things in the environment unless they are pointed out. | selective inattention |
| At this level of anxiety, the ability to think clearly is hampered, but learning and problem solving can still take place although not at an optimal level. | Moderate Anxiety |
| Physical symptoms of moedrate anxiety are | Tension, pounding heart, increased pulse and respiration rate, perspiration, and mild comatic symptomssuch as gastric discomfort, headache,k and urinary urgency. Voice tremors and shaking may be notices. |
| Mild to moderate anxiety levels can be constructive because | Anxiety can be viewed as a signal that something in the person's life needs attention. |
| The perceptual field of a person experiencing this type of anxiety is greatly reduced. | Severe Anxiety |
| A person with this level of anxiety may focus on one particular detail or many scattered details. | Severe Anxiety |
| The person experiencing severe anxiety may have what symptoms? | Increased severity of somatic symptoms, trembling, and pounding heart. Hyperventilation and a sense of impending doom or dread may be experienced. |
| This is the most extreme level of anxiety and results in markedly disturbed behavior. | Panic Level of Anxiety |
| If a patient is not able to process what is going on in the environment, and loses touch with reality, what level of anxiety are they experiencing? | Panic Level of Anxiety |
| Behavior that may be seen with panic level of anxiety are | Confusion , shouting, screaming, or withdrawal. |
| hallucinations or false sensory perceptions such as seeing people or objects that are not there may be experience by people at what level of anxiety? | Panic Level of Anxiety |
| What might the physical behavior of a person at the panic level of anxiety be like? | Erratic, uncoordinated, and impulsive. |
| Using open ended questions, giving broad openings, and exploring and seeking clarification are communication techniques that be useful to a patient experiencing what type of anxiety? | Mild to Moderate Anxiety |
| Closing off topics of communication and bringing up irrelevant topics can increase a person's | anxiety |
| A person experiencing this type of anxiety may not be able to solve problems and may have a poor grasp of what is happening in the environment. | Severe to Panic Levels of Anxiety |
| Providing gross motor activities is a way to drain off some of the tension when a patient is in this level of anxiety. | Severe to Panic Levels of Anxiety |
| Firm, short, and simple statements are useful when dealing with patients in what level of anxiety? | Severe to Panic Levels of Anxiety |
| What are the 5 most important properties of defense mechanisms? | They are a major means of managing conflict and affect, they are relatively unconscious, they are discrete from one another, they are reversible, and they are adaptive as well as pathological. |
| All defense mechanisms except _____ and _____ can be used in both healthy and not-so-healthy ways. | sublimation and altruism |
| Sublimation and altruism are always _____ coping mechanisms. | Healthy |
| how iw it determined if the use of a defense mechanism is adaptive or maladaptive? | By their frequency, intensity, and duration of use. |
| When emotional conflicts and stressors are dealt with by meeting the needs of others. | altruism |
| An unconscious process of substituting constructive and socially accceptable activity for strong impulses that are not acceptable in their original form. | sublimation |
| The conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling. | Suppression |
| What are the most healthy defenses? | Altruism, sublimation, humor, and suppression. |
| What are considered the intermediate defenses? | Repression, displacement, reaction formation, somatization, undoing, and rationalization. |
| The exclusion of unpleasant or uwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness. | repression |
| Forgetting the name of a former husband and forgetting an appointment to discuss poor grades are examples of | repression |
| This is considered the cornerston of defense mechanisms and it is the the first line of psychological defense against anxiety. | repression |
| transfer of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another person, object, or situation that is nonthreatening | displacement |
| Spousal, child and elder abuse are often cases of | displaced hostility |
| When unacceptable feelings or behaviors are kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion. | Reaction Formation (overcompensation) |
| When a person who harbors hostility toward children becomes a Boy Scout leader he is displaying | Reaction Formation (overcompensation) |
| Transforming anxiety on an unconscious level into a physical symptom that has no organic cause | somatization |
| _______ makes up for an act or communication. | Undoing |
| An example of ______ is giving a gift to undo an argument. | undoing |
| This consists of justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener. | rationalization |
| ________ is a form of self-deception. | rationalization |
| What are considered the immature defenses? | Passive aggression, acting-out behaviors, dissociation, devaluation, idealization, splitting, denial and projection. |
| When aggression toward others is expressed through procrastination, failute, inefficiency, passivity, and illnesses that affect others more than oneself. | passive aggression |
| Passive aggressive behaviors occur especially in response to | assigned tasks, demands for independent action, responsibilities, or obligations. |
| When an ididvidual deals with emotional conflicts or stressors by actions rather than reflections or feelings. | Acting Out Behaviors |
| Acting-out behavior are a | destructive coping style |
| A disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment | dissociation |
| This defense occurs when emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by attributing negative qualities to self or others. | devaluation |
| When emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others. | idealization |
| The inability to integrate the positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image. | splitting |
| Use of this defense mechanism is prevalent in personality disorders, especially the borderline ones. | splitting |
| When a patient unconsciously rejects emotionally unacceptable personal features and attributes then to other people, objects, or situations. | Projection |
| This defense is the hallmark of blaming or scapegoating. | projection |
| When pain and anxiety exist within a system, ______ can be an automatic relief behavior. | projection |
| This defensive behavior involves escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence. | denial |
| This term is used when there is gross impairment in reality testing. | psychotic denial |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a man forgets his wifes birthday after a marital fight? | adaptive repression |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a woman is unable to enjoy sex after having pushed out of awareness a traumatic sexual incident from childhood? | Nonadaptive repression |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a woman who is angry with her boss writes a short story about a heroic woman. | Adaptive Sublimation |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a four year old boy with a new baby brother starts sucking his thumb and wanting a bottle? | adaptive regression |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a moan who loses a promotion starts complaining to others, hands in sloppy work, misses appointments, and comes in late for meetings? | nonadaptive regression |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a client criticizes a nurse after his family fails to visit? | adaptive displacement |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a child who is unable to acknowledge fear of his father becomes fearful of animals? | nonadaptive displacement |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a man who is unconsciously attracted to other women teases his wife about flirting. | adaptive projection |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a woman who has repressed an attraction toward other women refuses to socialize. She fears another woman will make homosexual advances toward her. | nonadaptive projection |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a short man becomes assertively verbal and excels in business. | adaptive compensation |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when an individual drinks alcohol when self-esteem is low to diffuse discomfort temporarily. | nonadaptive compensation |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a recovering alcoholic constantly preaches about the evils of drink? | adaptive reaction formation |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a mother who has an unconscious hostility toward her daughter is overprotective and hovers over her to protect her from harm, interfering with her normal growth and development. | nonadaptive reaction formation |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a man reacts to news of the death of a loved one by saying "No, I don't believe you. The doctor said he was fine." | adaptive denial |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a woman whose husband died 3 years earlier still keeps his clothes in the closet and talks about him in the present tense? | nonadaptive denial |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a student is unable to take a final examination because of a terrible headache? | adaptive conversion |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a man becomes blind after seeing his wife flirt with other men? | nonadaptive conversion |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when after flirting with her male secretary, a woman brings her husband tickets to a show. | adaptive undoing |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a man with rigid and moralistic beliefs and repressed sexuality is driven to wash his hands to gain composure when around attractive women? | nonadaptive undoing |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when an employee says, "I didn't get the raise because the boss doesn't like me." | adaptive rationalization |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a father who thinks his son was fathered by another man excuses his malicious treatment of the boy by saying, "He is lazy and disobedient," when that is not the case. | nonadaptive rationalization |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a five year old girl dresses in her mother's shoes and dress and meets her father at the door? | adaptive identification |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a young boy thinks a neighborhood pimp with money and drugs is someone to look up to? | nonadaptive identification |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when after his wife's death, a husband has transient complaints of chest pains and difficulty breathing - the symptoms his wife had before she died? | adaptive introjection |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a young child whose parents were overcritical and belittling grows up thinkin that she is not any good. She has taken on her parent's evaluation of her as part of her self image? | nonadaptive introjection |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a businessman who is preparing to make an important speech later in the day is told by his wife that morning that she wants a divorce. Although visibly upset, he puts the incident aside until after his speech? | adaptive suppression |
| What type of defense mechanism is it when a woman who feels a lump in her breast shortly before leaving for a 3 week vacation puts the information in the back of her mind until after returning from her vacation? | nonadaptive suppression |
| The major distinction between fear and anxiety is that | Fear is a response to a specific danger; anxiety is a response to an unknown danger. |
| The nurse is told he will be assigned to an anxious client who is being admitted from the emergency department. The initial action of the nurse should be to | asses the level of anxiety |
| Selective inattention is first noted as a symptom of anxiety when the client reaches the level of anxiety rated as | moderate |
| Anxiety that has its origins in childhood lack of nurture and is still present in adulthood is termed | trait anxiety |
| Ego defense mechanisms often involve some degree of | self-deception |
| A 20-year-old was sexually molested at age10 years by an older man but can no longer remember the incident. The ego defense mechanism in use is | repression |
| The defense mechanisms that can only be used in healthy ways are | altruism and sublimation |
| A passive-aggressive person deals with emotional conflict by | Indirectly and unassertively expressing aggression toward others. Procrastination is an expression of resistance. |
| A person who recently gave up smoking and now talks constantly about how smoking fouls the air, causes cancer, "burns" money that could be better spent to feed the poor, and so forth is using | reaction formation |
| Reaction formation keeps unacceptable feelings or behaviors out of awareness by | Developing the opposite behavior or emotion. |
| A man keeps his wife's clothing in the closet and bureau of his bedroom although she has been dead for 3 years. This behavior suggests the use of | denial |
| Normal anxiety prompts | constructive actions |
| D is going to be interviewed for a promotional position. As he enters the interview room he feels as though all his senses are very sharp. He is mildly tense but eager to begin the interview. D can be assessed as showing | normal anxiety |
| A client approaches a nurse and blurts "You have got to help me! Something terrible is happening. I am falling apart. I can't think. My heart is pounding and my head is throbbing." The nurse should assess the client's level of anxiety as | severe |
| Severe anxiety is characterized by | Feelings of falling apart and impending doom, impaired cognition, and severe somatic symptoms such as headache and pounding heart. |
| Panic level anxiety results in markedly disorganized, disturbed behavior, including | confusion, shouting, and hallucinating |
| Patients with panic level anxiety may not be able to | Follow directions and may need external limits to ensure safety. |
| A method of dealing with stress or emotional conflict by action rather than feeling. | Acting out behavior |
| The actions of actin out behavior distract the self from | threatening thoughts or feelings |
| When emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by attributing negative qualities to self or others | devaluation |
| When an individual attributes exaggerated positive qualities to others. | Idealization |
| Justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas or feelings by developing logical explanations that satisfy the teller and the listener | Rationalization |
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