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IV Solutions
Commonly used IV Solutions
| Name | Type | Uses | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3% Sodium Chloride 5% Sodium Chloride | Hypertonic pH 5.0 pH 5.8 | Symptomatic hyponatremia due to excessive sweating, vomiting, renal impairment, and excessive water intake. | Rapid or continuous infusion can result in hypernatremia or hyperchloremia |
| 5% Dextrose in Water D5W | Isotonic pH 5.0 | Isotonic hydation; Provides some calories | Water intoxication and dilution of body's electrolytes with long, continuous infusions |
| 10% Dextrose in Water D10W | Hypertonic pH 4.3 | May be infused peripherally; Hypertonic hydration; Provides some calories | Water intoxication and dilution of body's electrolytes with long, continuous infusions |
| 5% Dextrose in 1/4 Strength Saline D51/4NS | Hypertonic pH4.4 | Fluid replacement; Replacement of Na, Cl, and some calories | Vein irritation R/T acidic pH; causes agglomeration (clustering) if used with blood transfusions; hyperglycemia w/ rapid infusion leading to osmotic diuresis |
| 5% Dextrose in 0.45 Sodium Chloride D51/2NS | Hypertonic pH 4.4 | Fluid replacement; Replacment of Na, Cl, and some calories | Vein irritation R/T acidic pH; causes agglomeration (clustering) if used with blood transfusions; hyperglycemia w/ rapid infusion leading to osmotic diuresis |
| 5% Dextrose in Normal Saline D5NS | Hypertonic pH 4.4 | Fluid replacement; Replacement of Na, Cl, and some calories | Vein irritation R/T acidic pH; causes agglomeration (clustering) if used with blood transfusions; hyperglycemia w/ rapid infusion leading to osmotic diuresis |
| Ringer's Injection | Isotonic pH 5.8 | Electrolyte replacement; hydration; often used to replace extracellular fluid losses | Rapid administration leads to excessive introduction of electrolytes and leads to fluid overload and congestive conditions; Provides no calories and is not an adequate maintenance solution if abnormal fluid losses are present |
| Lactated Ringers LR | Isotonic pH 6.6 | Isotonic hydration; Replace electrolytes and extracellular fluid losses; Mild to moderate acidosis (the lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate which counteracts the acidosis) | Not enough electrolytes for maintenance; patients with hepatic disease have trouble metabolizing the lactate; DO NOT USE if lactic acidosis is present |
| 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's D5LR | Hypertonic pH 4.9 | Hypertonic hydration; Provides some calories; Replace electrolytes and extracellular fluid losses; Mild to moderate acidosis (the lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate which counter acts the acidosis), the dextrose minimizes glycogen depletion | Not enough electrolytes for maintenance; patients with hepatic disease have trouble metabolizing the lactate; DO NOT USE if lactic acidosis is present |
| .045% Sodium Chloride 1/2NS | Hypotonic pH 5.6 | Hypotonic hydration; Replace sodium and chloride; Hyperosmolar diabetes | If too much is mixed with blood cells during transfusions, the cells will pull water into them and rupture |
| .09% Sodium Chloride NS | Isotonic pH 5.7 | Isotonic hydration; replace Na & Cl; alkalosis; blood transfusions (will not hemolyze blood cells) | None known? |
Created by:
Jennwyo83
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