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Micro Respiratory
micro respiratory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| upper respiratory tract | nasal passage, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx |
| lower respiratory tract | diverging tubes in alveoli, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, mucocilliary escalator |
| mucin | helps trap microbes from goblet cells |
| Common Cold | - most common viral infection of URT - by more than 200 viral subtypes - spread by contact/ inhalation - Rhinovirus most common cause - scratchy throat, runny/congested nose |
| Viral Sinusitis | - infection upper airway spread to sinus - causes a lot of pressure - bacterial is worse than viral |
| Croup | - laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) - Parainfluenza virus: 2 types - children 6mo - 5yrs highest risk - fever, runy nose, barking cough - treated by humidifier/ steroids or oxygen treatment |
| Otitis Media (middle ear infection) | - by virus or bacteria - Strep. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis - rarely cultured - kids are susceptible - treated with antibiotics |
| Bacteria Sinusitis | - by same pathogens that cause AOM and pneumonia - obstructs mucus flow - pressure behind eyes, foul smelling mucus - antibiotics |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of pharynx |
| Tonsillitis | inflammation of tonsils |
| Laryngitis | inflammation of larynx |
| Peritonsillar | abscess in the pharynx |
| Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) | - by strep. pyo - very contagious, person to person spread, indirect contact - no cough - sudden high fever and sore throat - self limiting and antibiotics |
| Scarlet fever | - by Strep. pyo that make exotoxin - strawberry tongue and rash starts on head/neck |
| Diphtheria | - by Corynebacterium diphtheriae - must be reported to CDC - has to be lysogenized - Dtx gene becomes toxin - sore throat and a pseudomembrane - person to person - antibiotics/antitoxin - DTaP vaccine |
| Whopping cough | - by Bordetella pertussis - though inhalation of droplets - 3 phases: catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent - 7-21 incubation - vaccines available - makes it hard to breathe |
| Catarrhal stage of pertussis | UR infection symptoms |
| Paroxysmal stage of pertussis | repeating cough "whooping", vomiting |
| Convalescent stage of pertussis | recovery |
| Bronchitis | - inflammation of the bronchi - bacterial or viral - productive cough (5 days) - viruses are most common cause - bacteria like Mycoplasma - COPD |
| Community Acquired pneumonia | - inflammation of lung - outside of hospital - typical or atypical - atypical affects more than lung |
| Pneumococcal Pneumonia | - by S. pneumoniae = 25% community acquired - 91 serotypes (antibodies) - humans are reservoir - lobar pneumonia - vaccine available PPSV |
| Legionellosis | - by Legionella pneumophila - fever, productive cough with blood - via inhalation - cultured on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar - antibiotics - grows inside amoeba |
| Hospital acquired pneumonia | - P. aeruginosa = most common - antibiotic resistant |
| Tuberculosis | - M. tuberculosis - multi-drug resistant - person to person - primary pathogen - vaccine available |
| Latent TB | - trapped by immune system - can reactivate to TB - not infectious/sick - positive skin test |
| Pulmonary TB | - productive cough that lasts 3 wks - pain in chest - coughing up blood - fever - weight loss - untreated TB = calcification of lung tissue |
Created by:
paloomaa
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