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LPN 115 Definitions
Definitions April test # Goodcare LPN 115 Apr 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gas Exchange | the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells |
| Alveloi | functional units of gas exchange, one cell layer of permeable tissue for gases to cross over |
| Pnuemonia | either bacterial or viral infection in the lungs, causing increased secretions |
| Oxygen | medication, highly flammable, colorless and odorless |
| Nasal Cannula | -supplemental oxygen delivery system via nares, must check for patency of nares. |
| Venturi/Venti Mask | O2 delivery system that delivers a steady amount of fractionated O2 regardless of breathing pattern |
| Hemoglobin | on red blood cells, binds to oxygen and transports throughout the body |
| Perfusion | the flow of blood through arteries and capillaries, delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing cellular waste products. |
| Cardiac Output | Stroke volume x Heart rate (HR), the amount of blood the hear pumps out in a given time frame, usually one minute, determined by strength, rate and rhythm of contraction and blood volume |
| Stroke Volume | the volume of blood ejected with each contraction |
| Peripheral Vascular Resistance | Force in the vessels that left ventricle must overcome to eject blood from the hear, affected by diameter of vessels and viscosity of blood |
| Veins | carry oxygen poor blood to the heart from the body |
| Arteries | carry oxygen rich blood to the body away from the heart |
| Ischemia | lack of oxygen and nutrients to cells lead to this and eventually cellular death |
| Edema | symptoms of impaired perfusion, location depends on cause, can be labeled as pitting/non-pitting. Caused by back-flow of fluids through weak valves in vessels. |
| Troponin | chemical released as a result of damage to hear muscle due to ischemia, lab tests are done in series, indicates myocardial infarct |
| Prehypertension | blood pressure results ranging from 120-139 systolic and 80-89 diastolic are classified as this type of hypertention |
| Inotropic | medications that increase the contractility of the heart muscles for more effective contraction, useful in treating impaired central perfusion |
| Anti-arrythmic | medications that prevent cardiac dysarrhythmias therefore increasing the effectiveness of the heart, useful in treating impaired central perfusion |
| Impaired Central Perfusion | occurs when cardiac output is inadequate, every cell is affected due to heart not working properly |
| Impaired Tissue perfusion | occurs when there is inadequate perfusion to tissues and cells typically caused by loss of vessel patency |
| Atheroclerosis | causes reduced elasticity of arteries, causing decreased CO and increased PVR |
| Thrombolytic | also known as a clot buster to break up clots that are already there, used for treating tissue perfusion, reason: blood cannot pass a clotted off are to get to areas distal to the clot, an example is tPA |
| Anti-coagulant | useful in treating impaired tissue perfusion, by preventing the formation of new clots by thinning the blood, an example is Coumadin/Warfarin |
| Vasodilator | useful in treating impaired tissue perfusion by means of opening up blood vessels |
| Epinephrine | catecholamine that is secreted by the sympathetic nervous system that leads to increased PVR and vasoconsriction |
| Beta Blockers | these all end in -olol, examples include metoprolo, carvedilol, propranolol, must be held if pulse is less than 60 or sbp less than 100mmhg |
| ACE inhibitors | tend to cause a dry nagging cough, all of these end in -pril, enalapril, lisinopril |
| Diuretics | decrease blood pressure by decreasing fluid volume. Beware of electrolyte level depletion |
| Epiglottis | thin flap that covers the trachea when swallowing and opens to allow air passage in our airway |
| Hypoxemia | low levels of oxygen in the blood |
| Tachypnea | rapid respiration, examples |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Orthopnea | difficulty breathing when lying flat |
| pulse oximetry | method to measure serum oxygen continuously, sensor attached to finger, toes, earlobe or skin |
| Humidiciation | must be added to all supplemental oxygen, prevents drying of mucus membranes |
| Artificial airway | can be placed in an emergency situation when a patient is no longer able to maintain a patent airway. Examples are endotracheal tube and tracheostomoy tube |
| Pacemaker | Acts as the SA node in the upper right atrium of the heart in the even that the SA node is not operating adequately. Sends an electrical shock to initiate the conduction throughout the heart. No MRI |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed, symptom of high blood pressure |
| Hypoxia | low levels of oxygen at the cellular level, can be caused by airway obstruction, restriction of thoracic cage, decreased nueromuscular function, disturbance in diffusion of gases, or environmental causes. |
Created by:
TutorDavis17
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