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Neuro problems

Nursing care for chronic Neurological problems

QuestionAnswer
Anticholinergics Inhibit actions of Ach by occupying the Ach receptors. Also called parasympatholytics.
Anticholinergic drugs Are parasympatholytics agents.
Cholinergics Stimulate the parasympathetic NS. Also called parasympathomimetic because they mimic the parasympathetic neurotransmitter Ach. Produces the effect of Ach.
Acetylcholine (Ach) Is a neurotransmitter in brain for cognitive function, memory storage & retrieval. Ach causes muscle contraction in body periphery.
Sympathetic Activates and prepares body for vigorous muscular activity, stress and emergencies.
Parasympathetic Lowers activity, operates during normal situations, permits digestion and conserves energy.
Acetylcholinesterase An enzyme that breakdown Ach, so anticholinesterase is given to prolong the action of Ach & facilitate transmission of impulses at neuromuscular junction. It opposes cholinesterase.
Anticholinesterase Enzyme that opposes cholinesterase
Cholinesterase Catalyzes breakdown of Ach to acetic acid and choline. Inhibited by the drug Physostigmine (a parasympathomemetic med).
Multiple Sclerosis Is a slow, chronic, progressive, degenerative demyelinating disease which attacks the myelin sheath of neurons in CNS. Has remissions and exacerbations.
Myelin Sheath in MS Interrupted at intervals by the nodes of Ranvier, Myelin replaced with scar tissue forming plaques with each exacerbations, MS involves white matter of CNS.
Myasthenia Gravis Is a chronic progressive disease of striated muscle (skeletal) weakness due to a defect at the myoneural junction Ach receptor sites become depleted at the myoneural junction.
Types of Myasthenia Gravis. Ocular Myasthenia: will only affect the ocular muscle. Generalized Myasthenia: Is more of a concern. Can only treat the disease process
Complications of Myasthenia Gravis Myasthenic crisis: Undermedication, is a sudden exacerbation of Myasthenic symptoms. Cholinergic Crisis: Excessive medication, toxic levels of anticholinesterase drugs.
Plasmapheresis Removal of serum antibodies, needs to be done 2-3 days a week for 3-5 hours each treatment.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) Rapidly progressing degenerative motor neuron disease in anterior horn of spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex. Involves both UMN and LMN.
Motor Neurons Are cells that control essential voluntary muscle activity (speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing)
Parkinson's Disease Is a chronic, slow progressive disorder that involves a degeneration of dopamine producing cells in the midbrain.
Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease Loss of cells in substantia nigra (within the basal ganglia) causes reduction of dopamine production. Dopamine (neurotransmitter) is essential for conrolling posture, supporting body in an uprighnt position & voluntary motions.
Six prominent features of Parkinson's Disease "Classic Triad"- Tremor at rest, Rigidity, Bradykinesia- Flexed posture of neck, trunk, and limbs, loss of postural reflexes, and freezing movement.
Dementia Syndrome with dysfunction or loss of memory, orientation, attention, language, judgment, and reasoning.
Delirium State of temporary but acute mental confusion
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) State of cognitive functioning that is below normal, but does not meet criteria for dementia.
Alzheimer's Disease Is a chronic, progressive degeneration of brain with intellectual and cognitive deterioration.
Characteristic findings of AD Amyloid plaques, neurofibillary tangles, loss of connections between neurons leading to cell damage & death.
Created by: tiniekittie12
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