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Cancer stack
Cancer misc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cancer | A neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metastasize to distant body sites. |
| Normal Cell proliferation (Growth) | DNA- genetic "blueprint", specific morphology, adhere tightly together, nonmigratory |
| Oncogenes | Activate and suppress |
| Apoptosis | Cellular death |
| Deffective proliferation/differentiation | DNA damage, defective or impaired immune system, both dysfunctions lead to promoting CA. |
| Carcinogens | Cause mutation in DNA. |
| Cellular mutation | Perminent damage to the cell due to carcinogens. |
| AFA | Alfa fetal protein tells us how fast the tumor is progressing. |
| TAA | Tumor associated antigen |
| Hypertrophy | Increase cell size. |
| Hyperplasia | Increase tissue mass. |
| Metaplasia | Cells differentiate into cells not normally found in that location. |
| Dysplasia | Abnormal size shape, change in arrangement. |
| Aplasia | Immature or undifferentiated that is not controlled by DNA and lose useful functiong (you do not want something you cannot identify because it does not look like the parent. These cells are hard to diagnose because you can distinguish.) |
| Benign neoplasm | Looks a lot like the tissue that is growing from defined borders and incapsulated and can be removed easily. It can be distructive if you don't remove it. This tumor can become rooted into important structures and cause damage that is irreversible. |
| Malignant neoplasm | Immature grow aggressively, invade structures near and re-occurs. |
| Tumor Growth | The tumor spreads out and needs a blood supply, it secretes enzymes that destroys the barrier of the blood cells and the capillaries grow into the cancer growth so it can have it's own blood supply. |
| Classification of Cancer | Tumor- "-oma", Benign- prefix designates tissue, and Malignant - "carcin - "sarc"(epithelial tissue, conncective tissue) |
| Clinical Staging of Cancer | Stage 0: Cancer in situ-, Stage I: Tumor limited to tissue of origin; localized tumor growth, Stage II: Limited local spread, Stage III: Extensive local and regional spread, Stage IV: Metastasis. |
| TNM | T-Primary tumor, N-Regional lymph nodes, M-Malignancy. |
| Chemotherapy Drugs | Alkylating, Antimetabolites, Antitumor antibiotics, antimitotic, platinum drugs, and corticosteroids. |
| Radiation | Purpose is to destroy cancer cells with minimal exposure to normal cells. |
| Two types of Radiation | Teletherapy (external)- most common form, series of treatments. Brachytherapy (Internal)- Implantation/insertion of radioactive seeds in or near tumor. |
| Dry Desquamation | The capillary blood flow is altered and it looks like a sunburn. |
| Wet Desquamation | The epithelial layers are being sloughed off before the tissue can repair and it is painful and excretes serious fluid. |
| Hormone therapy | Some tumors are hormone-sensitive-helps control. |
| Agonists | Interferes |
| Antagonists | Compete- antiadrogens and antiestrogens. |
| Inhibitors | Prevent production. |
| Immunotherapy | Biological response modifiers |
| Interleukins | Helps RBC growth. Inhances the atttack against tumor cell. |
| Interferons | Increases the production of killer T-cells increase RBC growth. |
| Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) | Stimulates the immune system. |
Created by:
tiniekittie12
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