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N212 Oral hypoglycem

N212 Oral hypoglycemic medications

QuestionAnswer
Sulfonylureas Increase insulin production from beta cells in pancreas
Sulfonylureas examples Glyburide (Micronase, DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab), Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Sulfonylureas administration All can be taken at mealtime except Glipizide, it must be taken 30 minutes before a meal.
Meglitinides Glinides Increase insulin production from the pancreas, more rapidly absorbed than sulfonylureas.
Meglitinides Glinides examples Repaglinide (Prandin) & Nateglinide (Starlix)
Meglitinides Glinides administration Take right before each of three main meals
Biguanides Decrease hepatic glucose production. Enhances tissue response to insulin.
Biguanides example Metformin (Glucophage)
Biguanides administration Given with meals. Good choice for obese patients, it doesn't promote weight gain.
Biguanides consideration Do not take 48 hours before or after test using contrast dye.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Starch blocker. Delay carbohydrate absorption resulting in smaller increase in post-prandial blood glucose levels
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors examples Acrbose (Precose) & Miglitol (Glyset)
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors administration Given with first bite of food.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors consideration Must treat hypoglycemia with pure glucose source such as glucose tab or gel.
Thizolidinediones Increase insulin sensitivity at insulin receptor sites on the cell.
Thizolidinediones examples Rosiglitazone (Avandia) & Pioglitazone (Actos)
Thizolidinediones administration Can be taken with or without food.
Thizolidinediones consideration Can cause edema. Do not use if patient has a history of heart disease.
Created by: jrb265
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