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Pharm1 Chapter26
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Colloid oncotoc pressure: | 24 mm Hg- osmotic pressure exerted by a colloid in a solution |
| Hydrostatic pressure: | 17mm Hg- pressure exerted by a liquid |
| Hyperkalemia: | abnormally high potassium concentrations (5.5mEq/L +) causes: K+ supllements, ace inhibitors, K+ sparing diuretics, burns, trauma, acidosis, infection |
| Hypokalemia: | inadequate amount of potassium (less than 3.5 mEq/L) causes: alkalosis, corticosteroids, crash diets, ketoacidosis, loop/thiazide diuretics, malabsorption |
| Hyponatremia: | inadequate amount of sodium (below 135 mEq/L)- caused by inadequate water excretion, or excessive water intake s/s- lethagy, hypotension, cramps, v/d, seizures |
| Hypernatremia: | excess sodium (145 mEq/L +) - causes: poor renal excretion, inadequate water consumption and dehydration s/s- red, flushed, dry skin, increased thirst, absent urination |
| Hypertonic: | caused when water loss is greater than dosium loss, dehydrates the cell |
| Hypotonic: | caused when sodium loss is greater than water loss, cell swells |
| Crystalloids: | fluids (NS 0.9%) given by IV too supply water and sodium to maintain isotonic conditions, maintenance fluid, do not contain proteins, better for treating dehydration |
| when are crystalloids more commonly used? | liver failure, nephrosis, respiratory distress,burns, DVT, shock, hypoproteinemia, fluid replacement, electrolyte replacement, promotes urinary flow |
| What is an adverse effect of crystalloids? | edema, decreased oxygen , adverse effects on CNS, |
| Colloids: | protein substance that increases the COP and moves fluids from interstitial compartment to plasma compartment . PV expansion |
| what are the 3 proteins in colloids? | albumin, globulin, and fibrogen |
| what are commonly used colloids? | Dextran, hetastarch, and Albumin |
| what is an adverse effect of colloids? | alters coagulation system, possibily bleeding |
| Blood products: | oxygen carrying resuscitation fluids, can carry oxygen b/c of hemoglobin ex; packed red blood cells (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) |
| when are blood products manly used? | in acute bleeding, increase clotting factor, anemia, with loss of blood volume |
| what are adverse effects of blood product infusions? | transmitting pathogens, trnsfusions reactions (rash, apprehension, fever, restlessness, chills), anaphalaxis, |
| what are the principal extracellular fluid (EFC) electrolytes? | NA, Cl (sodium and chloride) |
| What are the principal intracellular flid (ICF) electrolytes? | K (potassium) |
| what is the most abundant positively charged ICF ? | potassium (outside the cell ranges 3.5-5 mEq/L) |
| potassium is responsible for: | muscle contractions, nerve impule transmission, acid-base balance, heart beat regulation, |
| Uses for potassium: | may stop dysrhythmias, strengthen muscles for myathenia gravis |
| Adverse effects of potassium: | NVD, GI bleeding, ulceration, pain at site, hyperkalemia |
| What is the antidote for hyperkalemia? | IV sodium bicarb, calcim salts, dextrose w/ insulin, Kayexalate, hemodialysis |
| What is the most abundant positively charged ECF electrolyte? | Sodium - (outside cell normally 135-145 mEq/L) |
| what does sodium do w/in the body? | controls water distribution, fluid and electrolyte balances, osmotic pressure in body fluids |
| IV potassium you should never give: | never give a bolus or give undilutes, give at 20mEq/hour |
| What blood product helps with clottig? | Fresh Frozen plasma |
| What needs to be monitored with 3% NS infusion? Used for severe dehydration. | fluid overload |
Created by:
cspearsall
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