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TJC VNE Ch 21 terms
TJC VNE VNSG 1400 Unit 4 Ch 21 Oncology key terms and vocab C. Sanders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alopecia | Hair loss |
| Antineoplastic | These agents may be used alone or combined with other therapies to cure cancer, prevent it from metastasizing, slow its growth, destroy tumor cells that have metastasized, or relieve symptoms. Works by interfering with cellular function and reproduction. |
| Apheresis | The process of separating blood into components; stem cells are collected this way for later reinfusion. |
| Benign | Not invasive or spreading |
| Brachytherapy | Involves the direct application of a radioactive source on or within a tumor and can deliver a high dose of radiation to a small area. |
| Cancer | Characterized by abnormal, unrelated cell proliferation. Invades healthy tissues and competes with normal cells for oxygen, nutrients, and space. |
| Carcinogenesis | The process of malignant transformation |
| Carcinogens | Factors that contribute to the development of cancer; includes chemical agents, environment factors, dietary substances, viruses, defective genes, and medically prescribed interventions. |
| Chemotherapy | Uses antineoplastic agents to treat cancer cells locally and systemically. |
| Engraftment | This process refers to bone marrow being established. |
| Extravasation | The process of IV drugs leaking into surrounding tissues |
| Gene therapy | Involves replacing altered genes with correct genes, inhibiting defective genes, and introducing substances that destroy genes or cancer cells. |
| Immunotherapy | This treatment uses biologic response modifiers (BRMs) to stimulate the body's natural immune system to restrict and destroy cancer cells. Many of these treatments are new and in trial phases. |
| Leukopenia | Decreased white blood cell count |
| Malignant | Invasive and capable of spreading |
| Metastasis | Spreading of cancer; can occur by direct extension to adjacent tissues, from lymph vessels into the tissues adjacent to lymphatic vessels, by transport from blood or lymph systems, and by diffusion within a body cavity. |
| Myelosuppression | Depression of the bone marrow function |
| Neoplasms | New growth of abnormal tissue; also called tumors |
| Neutropenia | Decreased neutrophils |
| Oncology nursing | The nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer |
| Radiation therapy | Uses high-energy ionizing radiation, such as high-energy x-rays, gamma rays, and radioactive particles (alpha and beta particles, neutrons, and protons) to destroy cancer cells. |
| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth |
| Thrombocytopenia | Decreased platelet count |
| Tumor-specific antigen | These develop as the malignant cells mature and become less differentiated (aid in distinguishing malignant from benign in specimen from the same tissue type); these help to track the extent of the disease. |
| Vesicants | Particularly damaging antineoplastics, in that they cause tissue necrosis of underlying tendons, nerves, and blood vessels. Sloughing and ulceration of the skin may be so severe that the client needs skin grafts. |
| Xerostomia | Dryness of the mouth |
Created by:
pcasanders
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