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Endocrine/Hypothyroi

Hypothyroidism Pathophy Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
Name the PRIMARY LOSS reasons for Hypothyroidism. Congenital, OR, Rx, Tx for hyperthyroidism, Decrease Iodine, thyroiditis.
Name the SECONDARY LOSS for Hypothyroidism. Pituitary disease
Name the TERTIARY LOSS for Hypothyroidism. Hypothalmic disease
What happens when there is a decrease in thyroid tissue? Decrease production of T3 & T4 causing a negative feedback of increase TSH.
What is another name for Hashimoto's disease (hypothyroidism)? Autoimmune Thyroiditis
What do the hypothalamus and the Anterior Pituitary both release? TRH and TSH respectively.
What does TSH stimulate? They thyroid gland to release T3 & T4.
What does T3 & T4 do to the hypothalamus? They inhibit it from releasing anymore TRH so as to not release more than the body needs.
In HYPOTHYROIDISM, what does the Anterior Pituitary do to TSH? It over releases TSH causing PRIMARY thyroid damage thereby causing a decrease in T3 & T4 WHICH DECREASE INHIBITORY FEEDBACK.
What does the anterior pituitary gland affect TSH in HYPERTHYROIDISM? It releases a decreased amount of TSH causing Autoimmune Thyroid Gland Growth causing an increase in T3 & T4 production.
What does the NORMAL ENDOCRINE MECHANISM inhibit vs. HYPO/HYPERTHYROIDISM? It inhibits the HYPOTHALAMUS rather than TSH and in HYPER/HYPOTHYROIDISM.
In which thyroid abnormality is GOITER found in? Both in Hyper and Hypothyroidism
Where is an increase in TSH seen? Hypo or Hyperthyroidism? Hypothyroidism b/c this causes a decrease in T3 & T4.
HA, lethargy, confusion, and decreased memory are manifestations of hyper or hypothroidism? Hypothyroidism
Increased pulse, dysrhythmia, HTN, angina, and CHF are manifestations of hyper or hypothroidism? Hyperthyroidism
Increased cholesterol and cool skin are manifestations of hyper or hypothroidism? Hypothyroidism
Decreased pulse and cardiomegaly are manifestations of hyper or hypothroidism? Hypothyroidism
Cold intolerance is a manifestation of hyper or hypothroidism? Hypothyroidsim
Increased blood sugar is a manifestation of hyper or hypothroidism? Hyperthyroidism
Diaphoresis and fine, soft hair are manifestations of hyper or hypothroidism? Hyperthyroidism
Constipation is a manifestation of hyper or hypothroidism? Hypothyroidism
Dyspnea is a manifestation of hyper or hypothroidism? Hyperthyroidism
Increased appetite, diarrhea, and vitamin deficiencies are manifestations of hyper or hypothroidism? Hyperthyroidism
Anemia is a manifestation of hypo or hyperthyroidism? Hypothyroidism
Non-pitting edema, dry, coarse skin, and thinning hair are manifestations of hyper or hypothroidism? Hypothyroidism
Myxedema is a manifestation of hyper or hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism
Impotence is a manifestation of hyper or hypothyroidism? Both
Anovulation is a manifestation of hypo or hyperthyroidism? Hypothyroidism
Decreased glomerular filtration is a manifestation of hypo or hyperthyroidism? Hypothyroidism
When do you usually see a "Thyroid Storm"? Usually post OP.
What is a Thyroid Storm? When you have too much T3 & T4 from a lack/insufficient TX of hyperthyroidism.
What are they complications of a Thyroid Storm? Hyperthermia, cardiac dysrhytmias, heart failure, agitation, delirium, NVD (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), cardiac collapse and death.
What are the complications of Myxedema? Non-pitting edema of the eyes, hands, feet. Swollen lips and tongue. Thickened nose, pharynx and larynx.
How do you get Myxedema? Due to severe hypothyroidism and an altered composition of the dermis and tissues, where large amounts of protein build up and bind H2O.
Name two adrenal disorders associated with Hypocortisolism. Addison's Disease and Secondary Hypocortisolism
Name two adrenal disorders associated with Hypercoritisolism. Cushing's Disease and Cushing's syndrome.
Name the disease that is a rare primary disorder, idiopahtic, genetic, autoimmune, and has DECREASED cortisol and aldosterone. Addison's Disease.
Name the disease that is rare, pituitary dependant, and usually involves a tumor. Cushing's disease
What is MORE COMMON, Cushing's Disease or Cushing's Syndrome? Cushing's Syndrome
What is more common, Addison's Diesease or Secondary Hypocortisolism? Secondary Hypocortisolism
Name the disease that is chronic, has increased release of ACTH or exogenous use of cortisol. Cushing's Syndrome
Name the disease that is do to exogenous use of cortisol causing adrenal atrophy thereby decreasing cortisol. Secondary Hypocortisolism
What adrenal disease is hypotension and dysrhythmia associated with? Hypocortisolism
What adrenal disease is low SODIUM and increase POTASSIUM associated with? Hypocortisolism
What adrenal disease is thinning of the dermis/epidermis, easy bruising, skin tears, delayed wound healing, striae, and incresed fat pads associated with? Hypercortisolism
What adrenal disease is WEAKNESS associated with? Hypothcortisolism
What adrenal disease has decreased NA, increase K, hypoglycemia and fatigue? Hypocortisolism
What adrenal disease is associated with HTN (high NA) and dysrhytmia (low K)? Hypercortisolism
Which adrenal disease is associated with a DECREASED response to stress? Both hypercortisolism and hypocortisolism
Addisonian tan and vitiligo are seen in hypo or hypercortisolism? Hypocortisolism
Hyperglycemia, altered fat metabolism, moon face, buffalo hump, and truncal obesity is seen in which disorder hypo or hypercortisolism? Hypercortisolism
Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia is seen in hypo or hypercortisolism? Hypocortisolism
Protein wastings, weakness, thin extremities and osteoporosis is seen in hypo or hypercortisolism? Hypercortisolism
What are the complications of hypocortisolism? Severe hyponatremia, severe hypoglycemia, and Addisonian Crisis.
What is HYPONATREMIA? Low Na in the blood.
What does HYPONATREMIA cause? Dehydration and hypovolemia causing a decrease in Cardiac Output thereby lowering Blood Pressure causing reflex tachycardia and shock.
Hypercalciuria or increase in kidney stones is a manifestation of hypo or hypercortisolism? Hypercortisolism
What is the key to preventing an Addisonian Crisis? Prevention by decreasing stressors.
What are complications of Hypercortisolism? Suicide,infections, and poor wound healing.
Steroid induced hyperglycemia is a complication of hypo or hypercortisolism? Hypercortisolism
What manifestation can be seen in the reproductive system by Hypercortisolism? Androgenic effects, menstrual changes, Virilism.
What Psychological manifestation can be seen in Hypercortisolism? Depression, delusions, hallucinations, altered body image, insomnia.
Altered immunity is a manifestation of hypo or hypercortisolism? Hypercortisolism
What does SIADH stand for and what is its main characteristic? Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH; An increase of ADH
What are the two diseases related to abnormal ADH? SIADH and Diabetes Insipidus
What Pathology is seen in SIADH? Water retention, water intoxication, hyponatremia.
What Pathology is seen in Diabetes Insipidus? Inability to concentrate urine, extreme polyuria leading to decresed specific gravity and polydipsia.
A neurogenic etiology is seen in SIADH or Diabetes Insipidus? Diabetes Isipidus
In which disease are sodium levels below 115 seen? SIADH
What are normal Na levels? Between 135-145
What are the etiologies of SIADH? Surgery, pulmonary disease, mental illness, medications, or a disease of the posterior pituitary gland.
What are the etiologies of Diabetes Insipidus? Neurogenic, nephrogenic, and psychogenic
Paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease of the pituitary gland, where is this seen, in SIADH or Diabetes Insipidus? SIADH
CNS brain alteration of the hypothalamus or posterior pituitary seen in SIADH or Diabetes Insipidus? Diabetes Insipidus
What is the main characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus? Decreased ADH
Increased specific gravity is seen in SIADH or Diabetes Insipidus? SIADH
When is Altered Growth Hormone Acromegaly seen? Usually after age 40.
What is the most common etiology of Altered Growth Hormone Acromegaly? A GH secreting pituitary adenoma.
What does an increase in GH do to children? It causes GIGANTISIM.
Created by: jesusrvillarreal
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