click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nervous,Ear, Ear tes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Nervous System | responsible for the perception, behavior and memories and initiates all voluntary movements |
Nerve Impulse | self transmitting wave of negativity that travels along the surface of a membrane of a nerve fiber, carries information away from the nerve cells to the brain and spinal cord |
Nerve | bundle of nerve fibers, small blood vessels, connects the brain, spinal cord and other parts |
Nerve Fiber | nerve cell extensions |
Neuroglia | type of neural tissue that does not transmit impulses |
Astrocytes | most abundant form of neuroglia cells, Largest in size |
Microglia | stationary neuroglia cells in the brain that has an injury, These pahgocize bacteria cells and reproduce to fight inflammation |
Ependymal Cells | form the inner lining of the central canal, form the membrane inside the ventricles, regulates the composition of cerebral spinal fluid |
Oligrodendrocytes | cluster around the nerve cell bodies and produce a myelin sheath |
Schwann Cells | only in peripheral nerve system, These also make myelin |
Neurons | react to physical and chemical changes, conduct impulses |
Dendrites | part of a neuron, conducts impulses to the cell body |
Receptors | located at the distal end of the dendrites |
Cell Body | largest part of a neuron |
Nissl Bodies | same as the rough ER, make protein, part of cell body |
Nuerofibrils | fine fibers that extend thru the dendrites, provide support and form skeleton of neurons |
Microtubles | move nutrients to and from cell body |
Axon | conduct impulses away from the cell body |
Sensory Neurons | transmit impulses to the spinal cord |
Motor Nuerons | transmit away from spinal cord or brain to glands or muscles |
Interneuron | lies b/w sensory and motor neurons |
Potential/Polarized | resting state, not conducting impulses |
Depolarized | no difference in the inner and outer, neutral no charge |
Action Potential | impulses is being conducted |
Refractory Period | time when cell cannot generate another impulse and needs to repolarize |
Polarized | negative inside, positive outside |
Action Potential | negative outside, positive inside |
Threshold | when impulse must decrease from resting level |
Synapse | contact point between the end of the axon of one neuron and dendrite/cell body of another neuron |
Acetlycholine | most abundant transmitter, body part excitement, inhibits the heart |
Cholinesterase | deactivates acetylcholine |
Dopamine | transmitter, inhibits motor function |
Nor Epinephrine | transmitter, helps create a sense of well being |
Seratonin | excreted by small intestines, vasoconstrictor, affects mood control |
Histamine | dialates blood vessels and stimulates gastric juices |
Glutamate | excitatory effect |
Enkephalines, endorphins and dynorphins | involved in pain relief |
Spinal Cord | extends from foramen magnum to the 2nd lumbar vertebrae |
16/18 inches | spinal cord length |
Gray matter | little clusters of cell bodies, contains reflex centers |
Dura Mater | outer covering of the brain |
Arachnoid | middle layer of the brain |
Pia Mater | inner most covering layer of the brain, adheres directly |
Epidural Space | between dura mater and vertebral column |
Subdural Space | between dura mater and arachnoid |
Subarachnoid | b/w arachnoid and pia mater |
Occipital | lobe of the brain responsible for vision |
Temporal | lobe of the brain responsible for hearing |
Parietal | lobe of the brain responsible for translating speech and writing into thought |
Frontal | lobe of the brain responsible for motor functions |
Forebrain | largest portionof the brain, made up of cerebrum, fissures |
Basal Ganglia | located at the base of the brain |
Hindbrain | known as cerebellum, 2nd largest part of the brain, balance |
medulla | actually attached to the cord, center for the heart and respiratory and vital signs, the brain stem |
Pons | regulates respiration and relay stuff around |
Cerebrum | part of the brain all about balance |
Reticular Formation | central core of the brainstem, life cycle regulation |
Limbic System | survival mode, emotional and visceral brain |
Hippocampus | memory |
Amydala | emotions from thought |
Blood brain barrier | – blood flows to the brain mainly by blood vessels that branch and make up the circle of Willis at the base of the brain |
Peripheral Nervous System | voluntary nervous system made up of cranial and spinal nerves |
12 | number of cranial nerves |
31 pairs | number of spinal nerves |
8 pairs | number of cervical |
12 pairs | number of thorasic |
5 pairs | number of lumbar |
5 pairs | sacrum number |
1 pair | coccyx number |
Autonomic nervous system | control center in the medulla) involuntary controlled, Affects RR and HR |
Enteric Nervous System | controls GI, esophagus, stomach and intestines |
Parasympathetic | slows down the response |
Sympathetic | speeds up response |