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Physiology of CNS
Physiology of CNS - Overview
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neurotransmitters: Fast acting (acute CNS response) | Acetylcholine plus: amines or amino acids. |
| What are the amine neuro transmitters? | dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonnin |
| What are the amino acid neurotransmitters? | aspartate, GABA, glutamate, and glycine |
| What are the slow acting neurotransmitters? | Peptides: ACTH, ADH, and substance P |
| How do the slow active neurotransmitters work? | Proteins are inbedded in cell membranes of neurons, usually postsynaptically. The neurotransmitters must bind to receptors to exert an effect on the next neuron in the chain. (They synthesize (increase) and degrade (decrease) as needed. |
| Which neurotransmission system exerts excitory effects at the nerve muscle junctions, and inhibitory effects at some peripheral sites? | The Cholinergenic system (acetylcholine) |
| What is a disease caused by the destruction of dopamine-producing neurons? | Parkinson's Disease |
| What is a precursor to epinepherin/norepinephrine? | dopamine --it's actions depend on the subtype of receptor. May be inhibitory or exitatory. |
| What is synthesized in the brain and spinal cord in abundant amounts and is a major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS? | GABA, in the GABA-ergic system |
| Briefly describe the Noradrenergic system? | Norepinephrine. Extends to every area of the brain. Catecholamine found in large amounts. Exitory neurotransmiter --stimulates brain to increase activity. |
| What is norepinephrine associated with? | mood, motor activity, regulation of arousal, and reward |
| Briefly describe the serotonergic system. | Serotonin, widely distributed in CNS. Associated with: mood and anxiety, temperature regulation, sleep-wake cycle, habituation, and sensory perceptions. |
| How does serontonin play a major role in blood coagulation? | When released from platelets, causes vasoconstriction. |
| Which amino acids have recently been recognized as neurotransmitters? | Aspartate, Glycine, and glutamate. They serve as both structeral components for protein synthesis and neurotransmitters. |
| Cerebellum | coordinates and controls muscle movement |
| Thalamus | receives impulses carrying sensations like heat, cold, pain and muscle position sense. Crude awareness |
| Hypothalamus | center for motor control. Controls secretions of all pituitary hormones. Maintains homeostasis: temp, hormones, BP, HR, etc… |
| Medulla oblongata | transmits motor impulses from brain to spinal cord. Contains vital centers-respiration, heart beat, and vasomotor activity |
| What must the brain have adequate supplies of? | Oxygen, glucose, and thiamine |
| What is very sensitive to a lack of Oxygen and will cause immediate loss of consciousness if blood supply is interrupted? | the cerebral cortex |
| What does hypoglycemia cause? | mental confusion, dizziness, loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, and death |
| What is required for the production and use of glucose? | Thiamine (important b/c glucose is the energy source for the brain). |
Created by:
cspearsall
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