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Head Injuries
types of head injuries, skull fx,brain, TBI
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Scalp | bleed a lot, infection the main concern |
closed skull injury | dura mater intact |
open skull injury | dura mater torn |
linear skull fractures | nondisplaced cracks in bone |
Commimuted skull fracture | bone broken into fragments |
Depressed skull fracture | bone fragments pressing into intracranial cavity |
Basilar fracture | fx. of the bone in the base of the skull. Can easily tear dura mater= CSF leakage from ears and nose |
Basilar fractture | clinical signs include: raccon eyes, battle's sign and CSF leakage. |
Injury caused by a moving object striking the head.(ex.baseball) | acceleration |
Injury caused by head moving and strikes solid object(ex.dashboard) | deceleration |
Hyperextension, hyperflexion of head, causes twisting of cerebrum in brainstem(ex. whiplash) | rotational injury |
Direct penetration of an object into brain tissue(ex. bullet) | penetrating |
Coup | impact of head aganist an object |
conttrecoup | caused by impact of brain aganist opposite side of the skull |
Transient neurological defict caused by shaking of brain, with immediate loss of consciousness | concussion |
Contusion | bruising of the brain |
Tearing of cortical tissue | cerebral lacerations |
Epidural Hematoma | collection of blood between dura mater and skull |
Collection of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid | Subdural hematoma |
Hematoma that has three phases | subdural heamatoma. acute( within 48 hours of injury), subacute(2-14 days following injury), chronic(2 weeks to months following injury. |
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | bleeding directly into the brain, the ventricles, or subarachinoid space. |
A bleed caused by multiple hemorrhages around a contused area | intracerebral bleed |
Posturing due to lesions in cerebral hemisphere | decorticate-flex arms, adduct upper extremity, extened LE |
Posturing due to brain stem injury | decerebrate-arching back, backward flexion of the head, adduction, hyperpronation of arms, ext of feet |