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E2 Nose & Throat
Care of the patient with nose and throat disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____ is a group of disorders characterized by inflamamation and irritation of the mucous membranses of the nose. | Rhinitis |
| Rhinitis may be subdivided into what four types? | Acute or Chronic; Allergic or NonAllergic |
| What are two types of allergic rhinitis? | Seasonal or Perennial |
| What is the most common cause of Nonallergic Rhinitis? | Common Cold |
| Medication therapy for allergic and nonallergic rhinitis focuses on _____ _____. | Symptom Relief |
| _____ _____, also known as the _____ _____, is the most frequent viral infection in the general population. | Common Cold |
| Colds are highly contagious, because virus is shed for about __ days before the symptoms appear and during the first part of the symptomatic phase. | 2 |
| Viral rhinitis can occur at any time of the year but there are three time periods accounting for the epidemic in the US each year. What are the times of the year? | September, just after the opening of school; Late January; Toward the end of April |
| True or False. Cold termperaturs and exposure to cold rainy weather do not increase the incidence or severity of the common cold. | True |
| _____ remains the most effective measure to prevent transmission of organisms. | Handwashing |
| _____ _____ is an infection of the mucous membranes that line the paranasal sinuses. | Acute Sunusitis |
| Name the five subtypes of sinusitis: | CHAAS: Chronic, Hyperplastic, Acute, Allergic, Subacute |
| _____ _____ refers to rapid-onset infection in one or more of the paranasal sinuses that resolves with treatment. | Acute Sinusitis |
| _____ _____ refers to persisitent purulent nasal discharge despite therapy with symptoms lasting less than three months. | Subacute Sinusitis |
| _____ _____ occurs with episodes of prolonged inflammation and with repeated or inadequate treatment of acute infections. Irreversible damage to the mucosa may occur. Symptoms may last 3 months. | Chronic Sinusitis |
| _____ _____ account for more than 60% of the cases of acute sinusitis. | Bacterial Organisms |
| _____ _____, _____ _____ and _____ _____ are the most common organisms associated with sinusitis. | Streptococcus Pneumonia, Haemophilus INfluenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis |
| Most infections in adults involve the _____ and _____ _____ sinuses. | Maxillary and Anterior Ethmoidal Sinuses |
| If left untreated, acute sinusitis may lead to what four severe nd occasionally life-threatening complications: | Meningitis; Brain Abcess, Ischemic Brain Infarction, Osteomyelitis |
| _____ _____ is a sudden inflammation of the pharynx that is more common in patients younger than 25 years of age (particularly between 5 - 15 years). More common in adolescents and young adults. Less frequent in the elderly. Primary symptom:Sore Throat. | Acute Pharyngitis |
| When roup A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, the most common bacterial organism, casues acute pharyngitis, the condition is known as: | Strep Throat |
| A general guideline when determining the temperature of the solution to be "gargled" is: | High enough to be effective and as warm as the patient can tolerate (usually 105 F to 110 F) |
| _____ _____ is a persistent inflammation of the pharynx. | Chronic Pharyngitis |
| Chronic Pharyngitis is common in adults who fit what 5 criteria: | Live/Work dusty env; Use voice to excess; Suffer from chronic cough; Habitually use Alcohol / Tobacco |
| Name the three types of Chronic Pharyngitis: | Hypertrophic; Atrophic; Chronic Granular |
| Patients with _____ _____ c/o a constant sense of irritation or fullness in the throat, mucus that collects in the throat and can be expelled by coughing and difficulty swallowing: | Chronic Pharyngitis |
| Group A beta-hemolytic _____ is the most common organism associated with tonsillitis and adenoiditis. | streptococcus |
| Postopeaive care of the tonsillectomy or adeniodectomy require observation immediately following surgery because significant risk of _____ . | Hemmorrhage |
| In the immediate postop period, the patient who has just had an tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy will be comfortable in what position? | Prone. Head turned to the side to allow drainage from the mouth and pharynx. |
| Symptoms of postop complications of the patient who had a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy? (4) | Fever, Throat Pain, Ear Pain, Hemmorhage |
| Postopeaive care of the patient who had a tonsillectomy or adeniodectomy require the following four items: | Light, Mirror, Gauze, Curved Hemostats, Waste Basin |
| Post tonsillectomy / adenoidectomy hemmorhage usually occurs in the first __ to __ hours; however, the risk is present for up to __ days after the procedure. | 12 to 24 hours; up to 18 days |
| These symptoms are associated with what illness: fever, trismus, drooling, raspy voice, odynophagia, dysphagia, otalkgia, teender and enlarged cervical lymph nodes, swelling of the soft palate, nilateral tonsillar hypertrophy, dehydration, chest erythema | Peritonsillar Abscess |
| _____ _____ is a collection of purulent exudate between the tonsillar capsule and the surrounding tissues, including the soft palate. | Peritonsillar Abscess |
| _____ is an inflammation of the larynx whish often occurs as a result of voice abuse or exposure to dust, chemicals, smoke and other pollutants or part of a URI; or caused by an infection involving only the vocal cords. | Laryngitis |
| Signs of _____ _____ include hoarseness or aphonia and severe cough. | Acute Larrngitis |
| Signs of _____ _____ are marked by persistant hoarseness. | Chronic Hoarseness |
| _____ _____ _____ is defined as apnea during sleep usually caused by repetitive upper airway obstruction which can affect a patient's memory, learning and decision making. | Aleep Apnea Syndrome |
| Sleep apnea is classified as what three types? | Obstructive; Central; Mixed |
| Obtructive Sleep Apnea is characterized by breathing cessation for __ seconds or longer for at least __ episodes per hour followed by awakening abruptly with a loud snore as blood O2 levels _____. | 10, 5, drop |
| List 13 signs / symptoms of Sleep Apnea Syndrome. | Excessive daytime drowsiness, awakening during the night, insomnia, loud snoring, am HA, Intellectual deterioration, irritability, Impotence, HTN, dysrhythmias, polycythemia, enuresis |
| List three general treatments for MILD CASES of Sleep Apnea: | Avoid sleeping on back, avoid alcohol and medications that depress the upper airway, weight loss |
| List four general treatments for SEVERE CASES of Sleep Apnea: | CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure); BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure); Surgical procedures; Tracheostomy |
| _____ is a hemorrhage from the nose, caused by the rupture of tiny, distended vessels in the mucous membrane of any area of the nose. | Epistaxis |
Created by:
Ringtail
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