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Human Geo
Ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Agriculture | Deliberate modification of earths surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain substance/economic gain. |
| Define Crop | Any plant cultivated by people |
| What was used before AG? | hunting and gathering |
| How many people still hunt and gather today? | 1/4 million |
| Name 3 people and places that still hunt and fish | 1. Spinifex- Australia's great Victorian desert 2. Sentinelese- India's Andaman islands 3. Bushmen- Botswana and Namibia |
| Name the 5 crop hearths and name a crop from each | 1. Latin America- squash 2. Sub-Saharan Africa- yam 3. Southwest Asia- Barley 4. East Asia- Rice 5. Southeast Asia- Mango |
| where is the main animal hearth? | Southwest Asia/ Middle east |
| what are 4 things some animals provide humans? | 1. Milk 2. Meat 3. Skin 4. Integrate cultivation of crops |
| why do people in Mexico eat more maize and people in china eat more rice? | Culture preference, level of development, and/or physical conditions. |
| Latin American gets their largest share of dietary energy from what? | Sugar |
| What is the most important nutrient for growth and maintenance of the human body? | Protein |
| Developed countries eat more what to get more protein? | Meat and Poultry |
| What is the minimum daily calories needed? | 1,800 |
| What is the US average daily calorie intake? | 3,800 |
| What is the worlds average daily calorie intake? | 2,780 |
| What is Sub-Saharan Africa average daily calorie intake? | 2,290 |
| What country has the most under-nourished? | India |
| What has happened to African food production/capita? | Increased |
| What are the 2 basic types of AG? | Subsistence Ag and Commercial Ag |
| What type of AG does the US use? | Commercial |
| Which 2 sub-types of AG does MN use? | 1. mixed crop and live stock 2. Dairy |
| What is the average acres of a US farm? | 418 |
| The largest ___% of the US farms produce ___% of total US AG | 1. 5% 2. 75% |
| In developed countries __% of people farm but in North America it's ___% | 1. 5% 2. 2% |
| We produce ______ food. From 1900 to 2000 farms dropped in # ____% and farmer by ___%. Why? | 1. Surplus 2. 60% 3. 85% |
| Which type of AG uses machinery? | commercial |
| Shifting cultivation has what 2 other names? | 1. slash and burn Ag 2. Swidden |
| Name 2 groups of people that practice pastoral nomadism | Bedouins and Maasai |
| Where is intensive subsistence AG practiced? | East Asia and South Asia |
| Define wet rice | Practicing og planting rice on dry land in a nursery and then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth |
| Often land is _____ from a hillside | Terraud |
| Define plantation | Commercial Ag. in developing regions that specializes in 1 or 2 crops. |
| Plantations are often owned by who? | Europeans and North Americans |
| Crops grown in Europe and the Americas are primary for what? | Sale |
| What are the 6 types of commercial AG? | Dairy farming, grain farming, livestock ranching, commercial gardening and fruit farming, and Mediterranean Ag. |
| Define milkshed | The Ring around a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling. |
| Define crop rotation | Dividing the farm into numbers of fields and each field is planted on a planned cycle. |
| In Mixed crop and livestock, what are the 2 main crops? | Corn and soybeans |
| What crop is mainly grown in gain farming? | wheat |
| Who mainly consumes wheat? | humans |
| Who is the #1 pork producer? | China |
| Who is the #1 chicken producer? | US |
| Who is the #1 beef producer? | US |
| Commercial gardening and fruit farming is also called what? | Truck farming |
| What are 4 crops grown in commercial gardening and fruit farming? | Apples, cherries, lettuce, and tomatoes |
| What are 4 places mediterranean AG is found? | California, Chile, SW South Africa, and SW Australia |
| Cultivation of seafood is called what? | Aquaculture or Aquafarming |
| ____ of ocean fish caught is used for what? | 1. 1/3 2. fish meals and to fed poultry and hogs |
| What country produces the most fish? | China |
| What are the 4 strategies to increase food supply? | 1. Expand AG land 2. Increase Ag production 3. Improve food sources 4. Expand exports |
| Dr. ____ won what for miracle __ seed that started the ___ Revolution? | 1. Norman Borlaug 2. rice 3. green 4. Nobel peace prize |
| ___% of US labor force are farmers but ___% work in agribusiness. | 1. 2% 2. 20% |
| What are 3 ways the government tries to excess productive capacity? | 1. farmers and encouraged to avoid producing crops that are in excess supply. 2. Government pays farmers when certain commodity prices are low. 3. Government buys surplus production and sells/donates it to foreign governments. |
| What situations influence industrial location? | Transportation- little as possible |
| Prior to the Ind. Rev. industry was geographically ___ in ___- based | 1. dispersed 2. home based |
| Home-based Industries that are called what? | cottage industry |
| What industry was the first to industrialize? | textile |
| What invention was the most important to development of factories? | steam engine |
| WHat industry benefited first from steam engines? | iron |
| New energy source = what? | Coal |
| new type of transportation = what? | railroads |
| 3/4 of the world's manufacturing is in what 3 regions? | 1. Europe 2. East Asia 3. North America |
| What 2 countries are the next leaders of manufacturing outside of the top 3 regions? | Brazil and India |
| When do you locate a factory near its imputs? | if cost of transporting the product to the consumers excessed the cost of transporting imputs |
| When do you locate a factory near its customers? | 1. Bulk- gaining industry 2. Single-Market 3. Perishable- Product |
| What are the 2 main imputs in the steel production? | Iron ore and coal |
| Where did the US steel mills fist concentrate? | Pittsburgh |
| Why did US steel mills shift to around lake Eire in the late 1800s? | Discovery of the masabi range |
| Why did the US steel mills shift to around lake Michigan in the late 1900s? | more coal was found |
| Why did the US steel mills shift to the East and West coast? | The US started to use scrape iron and imported it from other countries |
| What country produced the most steel in 1980? | US |
| What country produces the most steel today? | China |
| Why are most vehicles sold in the country they are made in? | It's a bulk-gaining industry |
| 10 carmakers control ___% of the worlds final assembly plants | 50 |
| Where is "Auto alley"? | between Michigan and Alabama |
| Who are the Detroit 3? | Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors |
| Where is the Prius made? | Japan |
| Besides pipelines, what are the 4 ways products are transported? | 1. Ship 2. Rail 3. Truck 4. Air |
| The ____ something is transported, the ____ the cost per mile | 1. Farther 2. lower |
| What is the most expensive mode of transport? | Airplanes |
| What mode of transport is for short distances? | Trucks |
| Define Break-of-Bulk point | A location where transfer among transportation mode is possible |
| On average, how far does your food travel? | 1,500 miles |
| Farmers who do commerical AG are in it for what? | Money, to buy other things |
| Farmers who do Subsistence AG are in it for what? | To feed their family or to get by. |
| In countries that don't have the farming machinery, their farms are what? | Smaller. Machinery= larger farm size. |
| half of the US farmers are hobby farms, how much money do they make a year? | $10,000 or less |
| Where is shifting cultivation Ag used? | Tropical climates |
| Where is Pastoral Nomadism used? | Aired climates |
| Pastoral Nomadism = what? | moving to where ever theres food |
| Intensive subsistence Ag does what? | Double or triple crop |
| China uses way more fertalizer on their land compared to what country? | The US |
| Plantation Ag is generally practiced where ______ Ag is at | Subsistence Ag |
| Where is a lot of dairy in the US? | Northern US |
| Most corn is feed to ___ and used for ____ | 1. Animals 2. Ethenol |
| California is the #1 state for ___ and ____ | 1. dairy production 2. Ag. |
| What are the 2 types of wheat? | 1. winter wheat (used in the south) 2. Spring wheat (used in the north) |
| Define Just-In-Time | Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed. |
| Manufactures are trying to eliminate what? | Wasteful inventory |
| What are 3 disruptions that can result to this delivery method? | 1. Labor unrest 2. Traffic 3. Natural Hazards |
| What are 3 main site factors of an industry? | 1. labor 2. land 3. capital |
| Labor cost on average __% of the overall cost of a product | 11% |
| The average US male worker makes how much yearly? | $30,000 and above |
| US male workers get what kind of benefits from their jobs? | health care, retirement pensions, and other benefits |
| The average worker in a less developed country earns what yearly? | less than $5,000 |
| Textile and apparel production is an example of _____ - intensive industry | labor |
| What is the #1 natural fiber used? | Cotton |
| What country produces most of the worlds woven cotton fabric? | China |
| 2/3 of what are sown in developed countries? | Women's blouse's |
| What region of the US lost manufacturing jobs and what regions gained them between 1950-2009? | Lost-North and East Gained-South and West |
| define right-to-work | required a factory to maintain a so called open shot and prohibits a closed shop |
| define closed shop | company and a union agree that everyone must join the union to work in the factory |
| define open shop | union and a company may not negotiate a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment |
| what trade agreement helped US manufacturing move to Mexico? | North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
| What does BRIC stand for? | Brazil, Russia, India, and China |
| When is china's GDP expected to surpass the USA? | 2027 |
| What is Americas top 4 most eaten meats? | 1. Chicken 2. Beef 3. Pork 4. Turkey |
| Truck farming = what kind of farming | Urban farming |
| T/F: The US has more aired-able land than any other | True |
| T/F: There are still cottages industries today | True |
| Most industries are concentrated, which means what? | It makes them a military target |
| At the beginning of the industrial revolution, what direction did it spread? | West to East |
| Masabi= what | Big man |
| In the US, immigrants are doing ___ in factories | most of the work |
| What are the top 4 countries that makes the most stuff? | 1. China 2. US 3. Japan 4. Germany |
| Trump is trying to renegotiate what? | NAFTA |
Created by:
jayceyhillesheim
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