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pedi
unit 1 study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| during 1st yr. is period of | rapid growth |
| grasp reflex occurs and disappears by | age 3 mo. |
| prehension reflex occurs | 5-6 mo. |
| parachute reflex occurs | 7-9 mo. |
| pincer grasp is well established by | 1 yr. |
| 1 mo. | lifts head slightly when on stomach, turns head when prone, makes throaty noises, cries when hungry or uncomfortable |
| 2 mo. | posterior fontanel closes, follows light c eyes, smiles to mom's voice |
| 3 mo. | reaches for but misses items, can follow objects, supports head, holds rattle, cries less |
| 4 mo. | drools, turns from back to side, lifts head and abd., sits c support, coos, chuckles, laughs aloud sleeps thru night |
| 5 mo. | sits c support, grasps objects offered, puts everything in mouth, knows familiar people |
| 6 mo. | sits alone momentarily, turns over, pulls to sitting position, cries loudly when play interrupted, babbles, sucks food from spoon |
| 7 mo. | 2 lower teeth appear, begins to crawl, transfers objects from hand to hand, bounces, shows fear of strangers |
| 8 mo. | sits alone, uses pincer grasp, plays patty cake, fusses, sucks thumb when sleepy |
| 9 mo. | favors one hand over other, sitting, imitates sounds da da, cries if scolded, |
| 10 mo. | pulls to standing, throws toys, walks around furniture, knows name, peek a boo, some finger foods, |
| 11 mo. | stands upright while holding hand, understands simple directions, impatient when held, drinks from cup |
| 12 mo. | stands alone for short periods, may walk, recognizes no no, plays c food, shows emotion, pincer grasp is well established |
| cephalocaudal is | development from head to toe |
| proximodistal is | inner to outer, central to distal |
| birth wt. usually doubles by | 5-6 mo |
| birth wt usually triples by | 1 yr |
| metabolic rate is | higher in children |
| sleep patterns of neonate | 8-9 hrs at night c equal amt during day |
| sleep patterns of toddler | 10 hrs at night c short daytime nap |
| sleep patterns of school aged child | 8-8 1/2 hrs at night, c rare nap |
| growth | increase in physical size |
| development | increase in body function |
| maturation | total way person grows and develops |
| activity alongside another child | parallel play |
| sensorimotor | from reflexes to intentional interaction |
| formal operations | ability for hypothetical and abstract thought |
| concrete operations | understands cause and effect |
| preoperational | views the world egocentrically |
| best position for newborn to sleep | lateral or supine |
| cooperative play | playing with other children |
| ritualism | recurring pattern of behavior |
| autonomy | independent functioning |
| egocentric | in reference to oneself |
| negativism | frequent reaction of "no" |
| separation anxiety | detachment RT temporary abscence of caregiver |
| toddler should be able to walk alone by | 16-18 mo. |
| centering | single aspect of an object |
| aminism | lifelike qualities to inanimate objects |
| enuresis | involuntary urination |
| egocentrism | in reference to oneself |
| artificialism | belief that everything is created by people |
| self concept | view of oneself |
| growth spurt | rapid period of growth |
| menarche | first menstrual period |
| puberty | reproductive organs become functional |
| estrogens | female sex hormones |
| androgens | male sex hormones |
| adolescence | appearance of secondary sex characteristics, ending c physical and emotional maturity |
| latchkey child | unsupervised children |
| preadolescent | period immediately preceeding adolescence |
| androgenous | both masculine and feminine qualities |
| infant | trust vs |
| toddler | autonomy vs |
| preschooler | initiative vs guilt |
| school aged | industry vs inferiority |
| adolescent | identity vs role confusion |
| normal kidney function achieved | by end of age 2 |
| solid food introduced | 6 mo. , rice cereal |
| 12-16 mo | drinks from cup, begins to walk, prefers finger feeding |
| 16-18 mo. | parallel play, self feeding, WALKS ALONE |
| 24 mo. | egocentric-MINE!, names familiar objects, develops likes and dislikes |
| 36 mo. | toilet independence, imaginary playmate, holds cup by handle, asks why |
| 3 yr old | helpful, assists c chores, makes friends outside the family, uses parallel and cooperative play, fears bodily harm, loss of body parts |
| 4 yr old | boisterous, tattletale, will swear, imaginative, likes to pretend in play, begins to be curious about sex |
| 5 yr old | more responsible, inquisitive, talks constantly, less fearful, begin to lose teeth, print their names |
| mentally challenged child | nurse should consider mental age rather than chronological age |
| therapeutic play | improving hand- eye coordination, walking, blowing instruments for speech |
| play therapy | counselor present, observes, allows child to act out feelings and relieve tension |
| art therapy | for communicating difficult subjects to discuss, especially those who have been sexually abused |
| school age 6-12 | more engrossed in fact than fantasy, develop first close friends, self esteem is influenced by ability to become accepted |
| 6 yr old | alive c energy and always on the go, become over tired, bossy but sensitive to criticism, loss of teeth, play c same sex |
| 7 yr old | quieter than before, good sense of humor, first crush, know that money is valuable |
| 8 yr old | self assured, can play alone for long periods, enjoy group activities, competitive sports but is poor loser |
| 9 yr old | dependable, assumes responsibility for younger siblings, completes tasks, shows interest in family activities, worries are common |
| 10 yr old | shows self direction, desires independence, resents being told what to do, intolerant of opposite sex, takes more interest in appearance |
| 11-12 yr olds | intense, observant, all-knowing, energetic, meddlesome, argumentative, hungry all the time, boys ignore girls but are very interested |
| means to grow up | adolescent |
| dietary deficiencies in teens | ZINC- for growth, sexual maturation (meat, eggs, seafood, nuts) CALCIUM- for bones (dairy) IRON- for muscle mass and blood volume (liver, fish, dried beans) |
| homosexuality | not uncommon during adolescence, experimentation |
Created by:
echilders
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