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Chapter 5- The Integ
umentary System and Body Membranes- Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
apocrine sweat gland | sweat glands located in the axilla and genital regions; these glands enlarge and begin to function at puberty |
arrector pili | smooth muscles of the skin, which are attached to hair follicles; when contraction occurs, the hair stands up, resulting in "goose flesh" |
blister | a baglike poin on the skin caused by some irritant, usually full of fluid |
bursae | small, cushion-like sacs found between moving body parts, making movement easier |
cutaneous | pertaining to the skin |
cuticle | skin fold covering the root of the nail |
cyanosis | bluish appearance of the skin causedby deficient oxygenation of the blood |
dehydration | excessive loss of body water; the most common fluid imbalance; an abnormally low volume of one or more body fluids |
dermis | the deeper of the two major layers of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels; sometimes called the true skin |
eccrine sweat gland | small sweat glands distributed over the total body surface |
epidermis | "false" skin; outermost layer of the skin |
follicle | specialized structures required for hair growth |
hypodermis | the loose, ordinary (areolar) tissue just under the skin and superficial to the muscles; also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia |
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) | a malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the skin characterized by purplish spots |
keratin | protein substance found in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues |
Krause's end bulbs | skin receptor that detects sensations of cold |
lanugo | the extremely fine and soft hair found on a newborn infant |
malignant melanoma | a malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the pigment-producing cells of the skin (melanocytes); also called melanoma |
Meissner's corpuscle | a sensory receptor located in the skin close to the surface that detects light touch |
melanin | brown skin pigment |
melanocyte | specialized cells in the pigment layer that produce melanin |
mucocutaneous junction | the transitional area where the skin and mucous membrane meet |
mucous membrane | epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior and secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus |
mucus | thick, slippery material that is secreted by the mucous membrane and that keeps the membrane moist |
Pacinian corpuscle | a receptor found deep in the dermis that detects pressure on the skin surface |
papillae | small, nipple-shaped elevations |
parietal | of the walls of an organ or cavity |
peritoneum | large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity (parietal layer) and its organs (visceral layer) |
peritonitis | inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity; sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix |
pleura | the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity |
pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura |
sebaceous gland | oil-producing glands found in the skin |
serous membrane | a two-layered epithelial membrane that lines body cavities and covers the surfaces of organs |
stratum corneum | the tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin |
subcutaneous | tissue below the layers of skin; made up of loose connective tissue and fat |
sudoriferous gland | glands that secrete sweat; also referred to as sweat glands |
synovial membrane | connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid |
tinea pedis | athlete's foot, a fungal infection of the skin characterized by redness and itching |
visceral portion | serous membrane that covers the surface of organs found in the body cavity |