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nctc 2nd sem final

QuestionAnswer
– Signs of hyperglycemia • Fruity/acetone smell to breath, increased pulse, abnormal breathing, etc
– Signs of hypoglycemia • Confusion, irritability, sweating, nervousness, etc
• Type I Diabetes Mellitus • Type I Diabetes Mellitus – Absolute lack of insulin or production of defective insulin – Classic symptoms • Polydipsia • Polyphagia • Polyuria – Results from autoimmune reaction that destroys betal cells of the pancreas – Treated with insulin
Type II Diabetes Mellitus – Insulin deficiency or insulin resistance – Accompanies: obesity, lipid abnormalities, hypertension – Initial treatment is weight loss, life-style changes, regular exercise – Treated with oral antidiabetic meds +/or insulin
Digoxin Most commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside Derived from the digitalis plant Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, Beriberi heart disease or hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome
Digoxin Available in: Oral: 125 - 500 mcg (0.125 - 0.5 mg) tablets 50 - 200 mcg (0.05 - 0.2 mg) liquid-filled capsules Parenteral: 100- and 200 mcg (0.1 - 0.2 mg) IV injection
Digitalizing: Administration of loading dose to rapidly bring digoxin levels up to a desirable therapeutic level
Maintenance dose after digitalizing 0.125 - 0.5 mg / d
Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) Antidote for severe toxicity Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity Only available in parenteral form as a 40 mg vial Dose depends on digitoxin level of the blood in conjunction with the patient's weight
Common Dig side effects: CV: arrhythmias (brady- or tachycardia) GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea CNS: headache, fatigue, malaise, confusion, convulsions Visual: colored vision (green, yellow, or purple), halos, flickering lights
Created by: kcorkinsnctc
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