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UTA NURS 4581 Meds

UTA NURS 4581 Critical Care Exam 2 Meds

QuestionAnswer
Diamox (acetazolamide) classification and use Diuretic, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, antiglaucoma agent, antiepileptic; used to treat acute altitude sickness; glaucoma; seizures; and edema
Propofol (Diprivan) classification and use anesthetic; used as short-term sedation of patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Propofol (Diprivan) side effects hypotension, bradycardia, and increased triglyceride levels
Indications for using propofol and/or neuromuscular blocking agents in ICU breathing out of synch with vent; Poor compliance with high peak airway pressures; Poor gas exchange/hypoxemia; Severe resp failure; Increased ICP; Tetanus; reduce O2 consumption/CO2 production; PC-IRV; facilitate procedures; postop recovery
Atracurium besylate (Tracrium) classification and use non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Cisatracurium besylate (Nimbex) classification and use non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Doxacurium chloride (Nuromax) classification and use non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) classification and use non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Vecuronium bromide (Norcuron) classification and use non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) classification and use depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Epinephrine classification and action alpha and beta adrenergic agonist; Causes vasoconstriction, increasing myocardial and cerebral blood flow during CPR; increases force of ventricular contraction
Epinephrine indications VF (ventricular fibrillation)/VT (ventricular tachycardia), PEA (pulseless electrical activity), Asystole
Epinephrine side effects Palpitations, HTN
Epinephrine dosage 1 mg IV/IO q 3-5 min
Atropine classification and action Anticholinergic; Direct vagolytic action improves automaticity of SA node and conduction of AV node. May raise heart rate, systemic vascular resistance, and blood pressure
Atropine indication Bradycardia
Atropine side effects HA, Dizziness, ↑↓ BP, V Tach, V Fib, A-V Dissociation
Adenosine (Adenocard) classification and action antiarrhythmic, class IA; Depresses activity of SA and AV nodes, interrupting reentry pathway problem common with PSVT. Can cause transient asystole (less than 15 seconds)
Adenosine (Adenocard) indication PSVT (conversion to NSR); second-line in wide QRS complex tachycardia of questionable origin (only after amiodarone)
Adenosine (Adenocard) side effects HA, Dizziness, Transient Facial Flushing, Dyspnea
Adenosine dosage 6-12-12: Initial dose 6 mg over 1-3 seconds followed with 20 ml 9% NACL and Subsequent doses (after 1-2 minutes)of 12 mg over 1-3 seconds. May repeat once.
Amiodarone (Cordarone) classification and action antiarrhythmic class 11A/11B; Blocks sodium channels, causing increase in duration of myocardial cell action potential and refractory period, as well as alpha and beta blockade. IV use reduces vascular resistance (afterload) and increases CI slightly.
Amiodarone (Cordarone) indications Tachyarrhythmias (atrial and ventricular); rate control of rapid atrial dysrhythmias in patients with impaired LV function when digoxin has proven ineffective
Amiodarone (Cordarone) side effects Muscle weakness, fatigue, dizziness, hypotension, corneal microdeposits
Amiodarone (Cordarone) contraindications Cannot use in patients with iodine allergy
Vasopressin (Pitressin) classification and action Potent peripheral vasoconstrictor.
Vasopressin (Pitressin) indication VF/VT, Asystole, PEA, Adult shock
Vasopressin (Pitressin) side effects ↑BP, bradycardia, heart block, N & V, Tremor
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) classification and action antiarrhythmic class IIB; Suppresses ventricular dysrhythmia by reducing automaticity in His Purkinje system and by suppressing spontaneous depolarization of ventricles during diastole.
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) indication VF/VT; second line drug after amiodarone; Tachycardia (VT, questionable wide complex)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) side effects Confusion, Difficulty breathing/swallowing
Procainamide (Pronestyl) classification and action antiarrhythmic class IIA; Suppresses automaticity in His Purkinje system. Slows conduction in atria, ventricles, and His-Purkinje system, and may slow conduction through AV node.
Procainamide (Pronestyl) indications Tachycardia (PSVT, VT). Alternate second-line drug for VT (after amiodarone)
Procainamide (Pronestyl) side effects Agranulocytosis with repeated use. V Fib, Hypotension
Magnesium sulfate classification and action electrolyte; Regulates movement of calcium in and out of cells, controlling calcium- dependent functions such as cardiac contraction. Deficiency can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias, including refractory VF and torsades de pointes.
Magnesium sulfate indications VF/VT; Torsades de Pointes
Magnesium sulfate side effects 3° heart block, respiratory paralysis
Diltiazem (Cardizem) classification and action calcium channel blocker; Inhibits calcium ions from flowing into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Slows conduction and raises refractoriness in AV node. Decreases myocardial contractility.
Diltiazem (Cardizem) indications Ventricular rate control in at atrial fibrillation and flutter; conversion of PSVT to NSR (after adenosine); narrow QRS complex tachycardias
Diltiazem (Cardizem) side effects HA, ↓BP, Constipation
Dopamine (Intropin) classification and action Produces inotropic effect on myocardium, increasing cardiac output, blood pressure, and renal blood flow; May enhance myocardial automaticity, causing ventricular dysrhythmias
Dopamine (Intropin) indications Low Dose: Hypotension; Intermediate to high dose: Hypotension (except when caused by hypovolemia), Symptomatic bradycardia (after Atropine trial)
Dopamine (Intropin) side effects Hypertension, Tachycardia, Severe tissue damage with extravasation/IV infiltration
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) classification and action Increases myocardial contractility without increasing myocardial oxygen demand. Decreases left ventricular diastolic pressure
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) indications CHF, Low C.O. Syndrome, Cardiogenic shock
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) side effects ↑HR, ↑BP, Anginal pain
Calcium Chloride classification and action May enhance ventricular automaticity in asystole and myocardial contractility in PEA
Calcium Chloride indications Recommended only for asystole or PEA caused by: Toxicity from calcium channel blockers, open-heart surgery, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia
Calcium Chloride side effects ↓BP, Bradycardia, Cardiac arrest with rapid infusion.
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) classification and action Beta-Adrenergic Agonist; Enhances automaticity and accelerates conduction, Increases HR and contractility, but exacerbates ischemia and dysrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease, Raises BP by increasing CO, and Promotes bronchodilation
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) indications Rarely used for temporary control of severe bradycardia unresponsive to other treatment modalities. Not indicated for cardiac arrest.
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) side effects Ventricular arrhythmias, severe tissue damage with extravasation.
Propranolol (Inderal) classification and action Beta adrenergic blocker; Decreases HR, CO, myocardial contractility; Decreases portal HTN; can potentiate effects of calcium channel blockers
Propranolol (Inderal) indications Control hypertension, suppress rapid supraventricular tachycardias
Propranolol (Inderal) side effects confusion, fatigue, drowsiness, bradycardia
Digoxin (Lanoxin) classification and action Increases myocardial contractility. Slows HR; toxicity can cause wide variety of dysrhythmias; must monitor K+ and digoxin levels
Digoxin (Lanoxin) indications Acute supraventricular tachydysrhythmia with hemodynamic instability
Digoxin (Lanoxin) side effects N & V, AV Block, visual disturbances
Furosemide (Lasix) classification and action Rapid diuresis, venous vasodilatation
Furosemide (Lasix) indications Edema of CHF Renal failure
Furosemide (Lasix) side effects ↓BP, circulatory collapse, hypo K
Nitroglycerin (Tridil) classification and action Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, promotes vasodilatation
Nitroglycerin (Tridil) indications Acute angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (Tridil) side effects HA, Postural hypotension, anaphylactoid reaction
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride) classification and action Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, promotes vasodilatation, reduces BP. Reduces preload and afterload. ↓ SVR
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride) indications Rapid reduction of BP in hypertensive crises; CHF
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride) side effects Thiocyanate toxicity (profound hypotension, tinnitus, blurred vision)
Norepinephrine (Levophed) classification and action Potent peripheral venous/arterial vasoconstriction
Norepinephrine (Levophed) indications Treat severe hypotension
Norepinephrine (Levophed) side effects Hepatic or renal necrosis, fatal arrhythmias, cerebral hemorrhage, severe tissue damage with extravasation (treated with phentolamine (Regitine)
Oxygen action Increases arterial oxygen tension and hemoglobin saturation. Improves tissue oxygenation.
Oxygen indications cardiac arrest
Milrinone (Primacor) classification and action Rapid-acting positive inotrope. Increases myocardial contractility. Vasodilates
Milrinone (Primacor) indications Short term relief of CHF unresponsive to cardiac glycosides, vasodilators and diuretics
Milrinone (Primacor) side effects Ventricular ectopics, possible ↓BP
Sodium Bicarbonate classification and action Short-acting, potent systemic alkalinizer. Rapidly neutralizes acid to form sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water. Given only after first line drugs therapy, effective resuscitation begun, and ABG’s have been assessed.
Sodium Bicarbonate indications known preexisting hyperkalemia; known bicarbonate-responsive acidosis or overdose; prolonged resuscitation with effective ventilation; upon return of spontaneous circulation
Sodium Bicarbonate side effects M. Alkalosis, Na overload, severe tissue damage with extravasation.
Nicardipine (Cardene) classification and action Calcium channel blocker; Inhibits influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle without altering serum calcium. Dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels; reduces SVR.
Nicardipine (Cardene) indications Antihypertensive; short-term use for gradual or rapid reduction of BP
Lorazepam (Ativan) classification and action Benzodiazepine; sedative-hypnotic; Interacts with GABA-benzodiazepine receptors in brain. Acts in 15-30 min. Use cautious dosing in elderly.
Lorazepam (Ativan) indication Status epilepticus; control of acute agitation; sedation
Drug given for Torsades de Pointes Magnesium sulfate
Drug that provides rapid BP reduction in HTN crisis Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride)
Drug that dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, causing reduced BP Nicardipine (Cardene)
First drug given for SVT Adenosine (Adenocard)
Drug given to help raise BP and increase myocardial contractility Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
First drug given for pulseless rhythms Epinephrine
First drug given for Vtach with a pulse Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Drug given for acute angina Nitroglycerin (Tridil)
Drug given for bradycardia Atropine
Drugs used to treat tachycardia Beta blockers
Beta blockers suffix "OLOL"
ACE inhibitor suffix "PRIL"
Created by: CocoDiva
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