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Chapter 51
vision/hearing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Visual Acuity | snellens or E chart to test near and far |
| Normal Acuity | 20/20 |
| Low Acuity | 20/70 |
| Blind Acuity | 20/200 |
| OD | right eye |
| OS | left eye |
| OU | both eyes |
| Visual fields by conformation | tests peripheral vision |
| Muscle balance & movement | tests extraocular & cranial nerve function |
| Muscle balance & movement test | Pt looks straight ahead and follows finger movement without moving their head |
| Nystagmus | involuntary, rapid eye movement |
| Corneal light reflex | assess muscle balance |
| Corneal light reflex test | shining pen light toward cornea while pt looks straight ahead |
| Corneal light reflex normal/abnormal | should be steady gaze, if movement occurs could indicate muscle weakness |
| Tropia | deviation away from |
| Esotropia | deviation toward nose |
| Hypotropia | downward deviation |
| Exotropia | lateral movement |
| Pupillary reflexes | tests response to light |
| Pupillary reflex test | pt looks straight ahead, pupil size noted, pen light shone, pupil observed |
| Pupillary reflexes normal | should constrict |
| Consensual response | normal constriction from pupillary reflex |
| Accommodation | pupil responds to near and far |
| External exam | inspected and palpated |
| Eyebrows | starting point- symmetry, hair texture, extension of brow |
| Orbital area | check for edema, puffiness, redness, lesions |
| Palebral Fissure (eyelids) | distance of upper + lower lids |
| Medial Canthus | of lower lid- for exudate |
| Internal eye | intraocular pressure measured |
| Structures of eye | Fibrous, vascular, neural- protect eye from debris & desiccation, oil secreted to slow evaporation of tears |
| Lens | changes shape for near and far |
| Rods | dim light, night vision, no color distinguish |
| Cones | central, bright light, sharp vision/color |
| Desiccation | extreme dryness |
| Fibrous outer layer | sclera, cornea |
| Sclera | outermost, white of eye, BV and nerves |
| Cornea | transparent, over iris, admits light, NO BV |
| Vascular middle layer | iris, ciliary body, choroid |
| Iris | adjusts diameter of pupil to control amount of light entering |
| Ciliary body | thick extension, around lens, aqueous humor |
| Choroid | supplies oxygen & nutrients to retina and sclera |
| Neural inner layer | retina, optic nerve |
| Retina | thin, light sensitive |
| Optic nerve | signals to brain |
| Aging and the ear | difficult to filter out background noises, impaired verbal communication, corti hair cells damaged, high pitched range lost, **F,S,K,Sh sounds lost first |
Created by:
jessicamiller
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