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Maternal/Newborn
Newborn
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is stimulated due to chilling and chemical changes in the blood of the newborn? | Respirations |
| What does the first breath of the newborn open? | Alveoli |
| What do respirations in the newborn initiate? | Cardiopulmonary interdependence |
| What is the first thing to do to the newborn after it is placed skin to skin or in the crib? | Dry infant to prevent heat loss via towels, warm blankets, or radiant warmer |
| What do you place on the newborn to prevent heat loss? | Hat |
| What must be worn until newborns first bath? | Gloves |
| How do you maintain cardiorespiratory function in the newborn? | Wipe face, nose, and mouth to remove mucus & amniotic fluid, gentle bulb suction from nose & mouth, apply cord clamp |
| What signs of respiratory distress do you report? | Persistent cyanosis, grunting respirations, flaring nostrils, sternal retractions, sustained respiratory rate >60 per minute, and sustained heart rate >160/min or <110/min |
| When does the newborn urinate? | Within 24 hours of birth |
| When does the newborn pass meconium? | 12-24 hours |
| How do you promote maternal - infant bonding? | Skin-skin contact, breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth |
| What medications must be given within the first hour of birth? | Erythromycin and Vitamin K |
| How is vitamin K administered? | Vastus lateralis muscle before infant leaves delivery room |
| What does vitamin K do for the infant? | Assist with blood clotting (naturally produced in flora of intestine's, which is absent in newborn |
| What time frame is supporting thermoregulation, observing bowel & urinary function, identifying the infant, security measures, umbilical cord care, observe for anomalies, v/s, weighing & measuring, and gestational age done? | 1-3 hours after birth (Phase 2) |
| What does preterm/post term, diabetic mother, LGA/SGA, IUGR, asphyxiation, cold stress, and tocolytic medication during labor put the newborn at risk for? | Hypoglycemia |
| What is the blood glucose level that indicates the newborn has hypoglycemia? | <40 mg/dL |
| What are signs & symptoms of hypoglycemia in a newborn? | Jitteriness, poor muscle tone, sweating, respiratory difficulty, low temperature, poor sucking, high pitched cry, lethargy, and seizure |
| What reflexes are full term infants born with, which help keep them alive? | Blinking, sneezing, gagging, sucking, grasping, crying, swallowing, and lift their head while laying on abdomen |
| What kind of reflex is it when the crib is jarred, and infant draws legs up and arms fan out and then come toward midline in an embrace position? | Moro |
| What kind of reflex causes the infant's head to turn in direction of anything that touches the cheek, in anticipation of food? | Rooting |
| What postural reflex sometimes assumed by sleeping infants; head is turned to one side, arm and leg are extended on same side, and opposite arm and leg are flexed in "fencing" position? | Tonic neck |
| What is it called when prancing movement of legs, seen when infant is held upright on exam table? | Dancing |
| Swelling in soft tissues of scalp | Caput succedaneum |
| Collection of blood beneath the periosteum of the cranial bone, does not cross the suture line? | Cephalohematoma |
| Non ossified (soft spots) protect the head during delivery and allow further brain growth? | Fontanels |
| When do infants create tears? | 1-3 months |
| What can maintain temperature and promote sleep? | Wrapping and gentle horizontal rocking |
| What happens once the cord is clamped and cut? | Lungs take on respiratory function of breathing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide |
| How does development of muscle control proceed in a newborn? | Head to foot, and from the center of the body to the periphery |
| What muscles are the first under control? | Head and neck |
| What is the normal weight loss for the first 3-4 days after birth? | 5-10% of its birth weight |
| What is smegma? | White cheesy substance found under foreskin |
| What is a thin white or blood-tinged mucus may be discharged from the vagina caused by hormonal withdrawal from the mother called? | Pseudomenstruation |
| What is physiological jaundice seen as yellow tinge to the skin; caused by the rapid destruction of excess red blood cells called? | Icterus neonatorum |
| When is the Apgar test completed? | 1 and 5 minutes after birth |
| How many points are possible in the Apgar test? | 10 |
| What score indicates no distress in Apgar test? | 8-10 |
| What part of the body do you wash first when giving a newborn a bath? | Face and ears |
| What part of the body do you wash last when giving a newborn a bath? | Head |
| How often are baths given to newborns? | Every other day |
| What is used to give newborn a bath? | Plain warm water |
| What immunizations are given to newborn prior to leaving hospital? | Hep. B |
| What do you teach patient to report with newborns? | Temperature >38C (100.4F) by axilla, refusal of two feedings in a row, frequent or forceful vomiting, and lack of voiding or stooling |
| What do you look for when caring for umbilical cord? | Redness, discharge, or odor |
| What is a primary site for infection if not kept clean? | Umbilical cord |
| What are the advantages of circumcision? | Possible prevention of cancer, fewer UTI's, fewer occurrence's of sexually transmitted diseases |
| What are the disadvantages of circumcision? | Infection and hemorrhage |
| What is the care for circumcision when the Gomco method was used? | Thin layer of petroleum jelly guaze applied to end of penis to protect tip; tip of penis is very raw and tender |
| What is the care for circumcision when the Plastibell method was used? | Rim usually falls off in 5-8 days (do not remove manually), bathe & diaper as usual, dark brown or plastic rim is natural |
| How often do you assess for bleeding after circumcision? | Every 15 minutes for first hour and then every hour |
| When is the PKU test done? | 24 hours after first feeding |
| How is PKU test done? | Heel stick |
| What does PKU test look for? | Phenylketonuria & hypothyroidism |
| What causes PKU? | Faulty metabolism of phenylalanine and amino acid, and is found in all protein foods. |
| What does PKU result in? | Mental retardation |
| What is a fatty protein that is high in lecithin and is necessary for lungs to absorb oxygen? | Surfactant |
| What are manifestations of RDS? | Tachypnea that may be accompanied by grunt-like sounds, nasal flaring, cyanosis, as well as intercostal and sternal retractions |
| Toxic response of lungs to oxygen therapy is called what? | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
| What is a postterm newborn? | Born beyond 42 weeks |
| What problems are associated with postterm delivery? | Asphyxia, meconium aspiration, poor nutritional status, increase in red blood cell production, difficult delivery due to size, birth defects, and seizures |
| What is an elevation of serum bilirubin levels resulting in jaundice? | Hyperbilirubinemia |
| Physiologic jaundice | Benign, appears after 24 hours, results from breakdown of RBC's & immature liver |
| Pathologic jaundice | Appears before 24 hours or is persistent after 10 days. Result of underlying disease, usually caused by blood group incompatibility or an infection, but can result from RBC disorder |
| Kernicterus | Results from Hyperbilirubinemia with bilirubin levels at or higher than 25 mg/dL |
| What deposits in brain cells and can lead to cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or mental retardation? | Bilirubin |
| What is the treatment for jaundice? | Phototherapy and feed newborn every 3-4 hours to promote bilirubin excretion in stools |
| Who does cleft lip/palate have a higher incidence in? | Asian Americans |
| How is cleft lip/palate treated? | Surgical repair |
| What is the patient teaching for cleft lip/palate? | Feeding techniques, oral hygiene, restraints to prevent injury to operative site, provide support to newborn, speak slowly and distinctly, play therapy for age should be quiet play |
| What are the benefits to cleft lip/palate repair? | Improves feeding abilities, improves appearance, and enhances the bonding relationships |
Created by:
tandkhopkins
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