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N114 Immunization

N114 - Infectious Diseases & immunization

QuestionAnswer
Immunization information Date of administration, vaccine given, manufacturer, lot number & expiration date, site & route of administration, name, address & title of health care provider
Informed consent Must be obtained before any immunization given. Must be verbal & in writing.
Immunizations at birth HepB
Immunizations at 1 or 2 months HepB
Immunizations at 2 months RV - Rotavirus DTaP - Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis Hib - Haemophilus influenzae type b PCV - Pneumococcal IPV - Inactivated Poliovirus
Immunizations at 4 months RV DTaP Hib PCV IPV
Immunizations at 6 months RV DTaP Hib PCV
Immunizations at 12-15 months HepB Hib PCV IPV MMR Varicella
Immunizations at 15-18 months DTap Influenza HepA
Immunizations at 2-3 years PPSV - Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine HepA Series MCV - Meningococcal
Immunizations at 4-6 years DTaP IPV MMR Varicella MCV
Chickenpox - varicella Infectious agent - varicella-zoster virus Contagious 1-2 days before rash appears and until all lesions are crusted. Transmitted by air & direct contact Avoid aspirin Same virus as shingles
Measles - rubeola Infectious agent - paramyzovirus Contagious 4 days before and 5 days after rash appears. Transmitted by air, droplet contact Koplik spots - red & white spots inside of cheeks
Mumps - parotitis Infectious agent - paramyzovirus Contagious - immediately before & after swelling appears. Transmission - direct & droplet contact May cause sterility in males if contracted at older age.
German measles - rubella Infectious agent - rubella virus Contagious - 7 days before & 5 days after rash Transmission - direct & indirect contact Discrete, pinkish rash - lighter than measles Very dangerous to pregnant women
Whooping cough - pertussis Infectious agent - Bordetella pertussis Contagious - from catarrhal stage through 4th week Transmission - direct contact, air, & fomites
Whooping cough stages Catarrhal - symptoms of URI 1-2 weeks Paroxysmal - paroxysmal cough, bulging eyes, post-tussive vomiting 4-6 weeks Convalescent - cough gradually decreases
Fifth disease - erythema infectiosum Infectious agent - human parvovirus Contagious - uncertain, probably during early stages Transmission - contact with respiratory secretions
Fifth disease stages 1st stage - erythema on face - slapped face look, 1-4 days 2nd stage - symmetrical, lacy maculopapular rash, 1 week 3rd stage - rash subsides but can resurface if skin is irritated
Fifth disease caution Fetal death if mother infected during pregnancy
Roseola - exanthema subitum - sixth disease Infectious agent - human simplex virus type 7 Contagious - unknown Transmission - respiratory secretion
Roseola symptoms High fever in healthy child, fever drops then rash appears several days later. Rash fades when pressure is applied to skin. Rash lasts 1-2 days.
Scarlet fever - scarlatina Infectious agent - Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci Contatious - during incubation & clinical illness Transmission - direct & indirect contact & droplet
Scarlet fever symptoms Prodromal stage - sudden high fever. Rash appears within 12 hrs. Red pinpoint lesions rapidly become generalized except face Enlarged tonsils & strawberry tongue Skin may peel and feel like sandpaper
Hepatitis B Given IM Given in three doses at 0, 1, & 6 months Premedicate before immunizing
Polio IPV - inactivated polio vaccine Given IM or Subcut Given at 2, 4, 6-18 months. Booster again at 4-6 years
DTaP - Diptheria, Tetanus, & Pertussis Given IM 5 doses; one at 2 mos, 4 mos, 6 mos, 15-18 mos & 4-6 years
Measles, Mumps & Rubella - MMR Given subcut 2 doses; one at 12-15 mos, second at 4-6 years
Haemophilus influenzae type b - Hib Given IM 3 or 4 dose schedule 2 mos, 4 mos, (6 mos), & 12-15 mos Prevents bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, sepsis
Chickenpox - varicella Live virus vaccine 2 doses one 12-18 mos & second 4-7 years Ages 13 & older require 2 doses 4-8 weeks apart Avoid vaccine during pregnancy
Meningococcal vaccine Recommended for children 11-12 years of age & college freshmen 1 dose for most people Prevents bacterial meningitis
Pneumococcal vaccine Given subcut or IM 4 doses: 2 mos, 4 mos, 6 mos & 12-15 mos Protection lasts 3-5 years New vaccine Meactra last >8 years
Rotavirus Given orally 3 doses: 2 mos, 4 mos & 6 mos Do not give to immunocompromised Do not give if history of intussusception
Gardisil - HPV vaccine Given IM 3 injections over 6 months Typically girls age 11-12, or as young as 9 Can be given to any women who has not tested positive for HPV
Hepatitis A Given IM 2 doses: typically 18 mos & 2 years First does followed by second dose 6-12 mos later
Pediarix - combination vaccine Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, hep b & polio 3 doses: 2 mos, 4 mos & 6 mos
Influenza vaccine Recommended for infants 6 mos & older through age 18 years.
Created by: jrb265
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