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Pt. CARE Test 2
Module 2/Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bradycardia | A slow heart rate. Less than 60bpm. |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | Disease of the lungs in which inspiratory and expiratory lung capacity is diminished. |
| Cyanosis | A condition in which the blood does not supply enough oxygen to the body, causing a bluish tone to the lips and fingertips. |
| Diastolic | The blood pressure reading that occurs during the relaxation of the ventricles. |
| Dyspnea | Difficult breathing resulting from insufficient airflow to the lungs. |
| Hypercapnia | Carbon dioxide being retained in the arterial blood. |
| Hypothalamus | The ventral and medial region of the diencephalon of the brain. |
| Hypoxemia | Low levels of oxygen in the blood. |
| Korotkoff sounds | Extraneous sounds heard during the taking of blood pressure and may be tapping, knocking, or swishing around. |
| Systolic | The blood pressure reading taken during the contraction of the ventricles while the blood is in the arteries. |
| Tachycardia | More than 100bpm |
| Vital signs are also known as | Cardinal signs |
| What does the hypothalamus regulate | Temperature |
| Pyrexia is | Fever |
| Vital signs measure the following | Body temp, pulse, respiration, blood pressure |
| True or false. A patient's vital signs cannot be established with one reading because of the many variables that can make one reading unreliable. | True |
| As body temperature increases the body's demand for _____ increases. | Oxygen |
| What are the symptoms of fever? | Increased pulse and respiration, general discomfort and aching, flushed dry skin thay feels hot to the touch, chills, loss of appetite. |
| The four areas of the body that temp can be taken. | Rectal, oral, axillary, tympanic |
| Adult temperature range | 97.8-99 |
| Child temp range | 97.8-98.6 |
| Infant temp range | 99-9.7 |
| Adult pulse | 60-90bpm |
| Child pulse | 90-100bpm |
| Infant pulse | 120 bpm |
| Adult respiration | 15-20 breaths per minute |
| Infant respiration | 30-60 breaths per min |
| Adult BP | 90-120/50-70 |
| Adolescent BP | 85-130/45-85 |
| If correctly placed, provides a reading close to the core body temperature. | Tympanic |
| Safest method for taking body temp. Noninvasive but not as accurate. SAFEST place on infant. | Axillary |
| The closest to the core so most reliable form of temperature. | Rectal |
| This pulse is over the apex of the heart and is heard with a stethescope. | APICAL |
| This pulse is at the wrists at the base of the thumb. | Radial |
| This pulse is at the front of the neck | Carotid |
| The pulse rate is ____ if blood pressure is low. | Rapid |
| The pulse rate is ___ if the blood pressure is high | Slower |
| The 2 things to report when recording pulse. | Strength and regularity. |
| How to report pulse when slight pressure leads to pulse obliteration | Weak and thready |
| Blood pressure is | The amount of blood flow ejected from the left ventricle of the heart during systolic and the amount of resistance the blood meets due to systemic vascular resistance. |
| Maintenance of blood pressure depends on | Peripheral resistance, pumping action of the heart, blood volume, blood viscosity, and the elasticity of the vessel walls. |
| The number of RBC in blood plasma determine it's | Viscosity |
| With an increased number of RBC, the blood thickens and ____ | Increases blood pressure |
| This reduces flexibility of the arteries and increases blood pressure | Atherosclerotic plaque |
| If peripheral resistance declines what happens to the BP | It decreases |
| If peripheral resistance increases what happens to BP | It increases |
| Physiologic factors that may increase BP | Increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, increased blood volume, increased blood viscosity, and decreased arterial elasticity. |
| Physiologic factors that decrease BP | Decreased cardiac output, decreased peripheral vascular resistance, decreased blood volumes, decreased blood viscosity, and increased arterial elasticity. |
| The ____ is the highest point reached during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart as it passes blood into the aorta. | Systolic |
| This is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and is an indicator of strike volume. | Pulse pressure |
| This decreases in hypovolemic shock | Pulse pressure |
| The key to effective assessment requires that clinicians | look,listen,touch,question,validate,reassess, analyze and trend |
| ______________ can be more clinically significant than any single measurement. | Trended data |
| APIE | assess, planning, implement, and evaluate |
| subjective, objective, analysis (assessment), plan, implementation, and evaluation | SOAPIE |
| SBAR | situation, background, assessment, and recommendation |
| Purpose of the respiratory system | Provides key data related to patient’s ability to maintain normal acid-base balance, oxygenation, and ventilation. |
| Bradypnea leads to: | hypoxemia, hypoxia and mental status changes |
| Name the two types of sphymomanometer | Aneroid and mercury |
| Quantitative ranges of blood pressure: | normotensive, hypertensive, and hypotensive |
| What range of breaths per minute is the normal adult respiratory rate? | 15-20 |
| An adult patient is considered to be hypertensive or to have hypertension if the systolic BP and diastolic BP are consistently greater than: | 140 systolic, 90 diastolic |
| A person may have tachycardia if their pulse is over: | 100 |
| What is the normal oral body temperature of an adult? | 97.8 degrees F - 99 degrees F |
| Explain why the pulse rate goes up when the BP drops. | The body tries to compensate by pumping faster to get blood and O2 to the body. |
| Virulent | extremely toxic |
| Define Nosocomial Infection | Iatrogenic-caused by a therapeutic procedure or treatment |
| What is a "community acquired infection"? | A patient has acquired the problem outside the hospital. |
| Microorganisms in the body | Normal Flora |
| The term for infections that are't caused by normal flora | Exogenous infections |
| The term for an infection acquired in the health care setting as a result of overgrowth of normal flora | endogenous nosocomial infection |
| What precautions to take for an HIV patient | Standard precautions and needle handling precautions |
| How are Hep A and E transmitted? | Fecal oral route |
| How are Hep B, C, and D transmitted? | Blood or body fluids |
| Encephalopathy | a disorder of the brain |
| What are some diseases produced by MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | decubitus ulcers, pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, and septic thrombophlebitis |
| Define medical asepsis | microorganisms have been eliminated through the use of soap, water, friction, and various chemical disinfectants. |
| Define surgical asepsis | microorganisms and their spores have been completely destroyed by means of heat or by chemical process. |
| The Joint Commission | sets requirements for hospital safety, infection control practices, and patient care standards. Accredits the hospitals. |
| The Occupational Safety and Health Administration | Federal agency that protects workers and students from work related injuries and illnesses. |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Performs research and compiles statistical data concerning infectious diseases. develops immunization guidelines |
| Food and Drug Administration | US Public Health Service branch responsible for protecting the public from false drug claims. Regulates the manufacture and sale of medications. |
| World Health Organization | Works under auspices of the UN to reduce famine and disease throughout the world. Compiles info concerning infectious diseases. |
| US Department of Health and Human Services | Specifies and notifies agents to destroy various types of medical waste. |
| US Environmental Protection Agency | Specifies destruction practices for waste from patients with contagious highly communicable diseases. |
| Nuclear Control Agency | Controls disposal of nuclear waste |
| Standard precautions | Can include anything and any patient. Based on the assumption that every patient has the potential for having an infectious disease. |
| What precautions do you take while being exposed to blood or body fluids? | Gloves, gown, mask, and eye protection. |
| What precautions to take when you know the person has a communicable disease | Transmission based precautions |
| The distance of a droplet to spread by coughing, talking, sneezing | 3 ft |
| What are the diseases spread by air. Airborne Isolation | SARS, smallpox, TB, varicella-chicken pox, and rubeola. |
| What precautions to take when the illness is airborne | private room, negative air pressure, vintilation, N95 respirator mask, surgical mask for visitors. Standard precautions. A surgical mask for a patient to be transferred within the hospital. |
| Patients with SARS must have extra precaution, what is this? | Contact isolation |
| Contact Isolation | |
| Name the two types of contact spread of infection. | Direct contact and indirect contact. |
| Direct contact is | when you have touched the patient directly |
| Indirect contact | You have not directly touched the patient but you have touched something they have touched. |
| Examples of Direct Contact diseases | Hepatitis A, HIV, Staphylococcus, Enteric bacteria |
| Examples of Indirect Contact diseases | Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enteric bacteria, Hepatitis B and C, HIV |
| Examples of Droplet diseases | Haemophilus infuenzae (type B) pneumonia and epiglottis, Neisseria meningitides, pneumonia, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Streptococcal pneumonia, Influenza, Mumps, Rubella, Adenovirus |
| Critical | comes into contact with blood or internal body. Has to be sterile. |
| Semi-critical | direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes. Can be disinfected. |
| Non-critical | touches intact skin, or not at all. Low to medium disinfectants. |
| Iatrogenic | Illness caused by medical treatment |
| Nosocomial infection | caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and the enzyme ESBL. Acquired in the hospital. |
| Medical asepsis | any practice that helps reduce the number and spread of microorganisms. |
| Surgical asepsis | complete removal of microorganisms and their spores from the surface of an object. |
| The process of surgical asepsis includes | medical asepsis followed by sterilization |
| The double lumen tube designed to maintain a continuous flow of atmospheric pressure into the stomach | Sump gastric tube |
| Where does the Levin tube enter? | The stomach |
| Where does the Cantor tube enter? | The small intestine |
| The tube that is surgically inserted directly into the stomach for nourishment | Gastrostomy tube |
| Fowlers position | head of the patient's bed is raised 18 to 20 inches above the level of the heart with the knees also elevated. |
| Subjective data is | perception/perspective âbased data |
| Objective data is | Measurable/quantifiable |
| APIE | assess, planning, implement, and evaluate |
| Nasogastric Tube and Nasoenteric Tube | inserted for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. |
| Cantor use | Relieves obstructions in the small intestine |
| Harris use | Gastric and intestinal decompression |
| Miller-Abbott use | Decompression |
| Levin use | Gastric decompression |
| Sump use | Drain fluid from the stomach |
| Nutriflex use | Feedings |
| Moss use | aspiration of fluid; duodenal feeding |
| Sengstaken-Blakemore use | Control bleeding from esophageal varices |
| T/F NG tubes are taped in place | True |
| T/F NE tubes are taped in place | False |
Created by:
amy wiseman
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