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GERONTOLOGICAL
NORMAL CHANGES IN THE OLDER ADULT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WHAT CHANGE CAUSES INCREASED REFRACTIVE POWER ? | FLATTENING OF THE CORNEA |
| WHAT CHANGE CAUSES DECREASED ABLILTY TO FOCUS ? | INCREASE IN ANTEROPOSTERIOR DIAMETER OF LENS |
| WHAT CHANGE CAUSES REDUCED COLOR ACUITY (ESPECIALLY GREEN-BLUE-VIOLET SPECTRUM ? | YELLOWING OF THE LENS |
| WHAT CHANGE CAUSES DECREASED ABILITY TO ALTER LENS SHAPE, RESULTING IN LOSS IN ACCOMMODATION ? | DECREASE IN SIZE OF CILIARY MUSCLE |
| WHAT CHANGE CAUSES DECREASED VISUAL ACUITY AND REDUCES NIGHT VISION ? | ALTERATION IN RETINA |
| WHAT CHANGE CAUSES CONDENSATION OF COLLAGEN FIBERS, RESULTING IN "FLOATERS" (WIGGLING LINES THAT FLOAT IN THE FIELD OF VISION) ? | VITREOUS DETACHMENT |
| WHAT CHANGE CAUSES DECREASED ABILITY OF PUPIL TO DILATE ? | ATROPHY OF DILATOR AND INCREASED RIGIDITY OF IRIS |
| WHAT PART OF THE EYE STARTS YELLOWING? | SCLERA |
| WHY IS THE CONJUNCTIVA SLIGHTLY INJECTED? | SECONDARY TO REDUCED TEARING |
| WHAT IS XANTHOMAS ? | LIPID DEPOSITS NEAR THE INNER PORTION OF THE LID |
| WHAT IS PTOSIS? | DROOPING OF THE LOWER LID |
| WHAT IS ENTROPION / EXTROPIAN ? | INVERSION / EVERSION OF THE LID |
| WHAT IS ARCUS SENILLIS OF THE IRIS ? | FAT DEPOSITS AROUND THE LIMBUS |
| WHY IS THE OLDER ADULT LESS RESISTANT TO SHEARING FORCES, THINNING OF SKIN ? | FLATTENING OF DERMOEPIDERMAL JUNCTION |
| REDUCTION IN WHAT CAUSES WRINKLING? | REDUCTION IN COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN |
| WHY IS THERE A REDUCTION IN HEALING IN THE OLDER ADULT? | DUE TO DECREASE IN EPIDERMAL CELL TURNOVER RATE |
| WHY IS THERE REDUCED VASODILATION (COOLING EFFECT) AND DECREASED TRANSDERMAL ABSOPRTION IN THE OLDER ADULT? | DUE TO DECREASED VASCULAR RESPONSIVENESS |
| WHAT PROVIDES PROTECTION OF BONY PROMINENCES AND THERMOREGULATION ? | THE SUBCUTANEOUS FAT |
| WHAT TYPE OF CELLS PROVIDE THE HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSE ? | EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS |
| WHAT GLANDS CONTROL SWEATING AND OIL? | ECCRINE AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS |
| REDUCED SWEATING AND OIL RESULTS IN ? | REDUCED THERMOREGULATION AND PLIABILITY OF SKIN |
| A REDUCTION IN SHORT TERM MEMORY IS CAUSED BY? | DECREASE IN ACETYLCHOLINE |
| REDUCTION IN SLEEP PERCEPTIONS IS CAUSED BY? | DECREASE IN GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID |
| REDUCTION IN SLEEP (ESPECIALLY REM SLEEP) IS CAUSED BY ? | DECREASE IN NOREPINEPHERINE |
| INCREASE IN WHAT CAUSES AN INCREASE IN LIGHT SLEEP? | SEROTONIN |
| PARKINSON IS CAUSED BY A DECREASE IN ? | DOPAMINE |
| DOPAMINE CONTROLS WHAT TYPE OF FUNCTION? | MOTOR FUNCTION |
| WHAT DOES MYATHENIOS GRAVIS AND ALTIMERS HAVE IN COMMON? | A DECREASE IN ACETYLCHOLINE |
| WITH INCREASED AGE THE LEFT VENTRICLE? | INCREASES THICKNESS |
| DO THE MASS AND FIBROSIS INCREASE OR DECREASE? | INCREASE |
| INCREASE IN PERICARDIAL STIFFNESS DOES WHAT TO CARDIAC OUTPUT AND VENTRICULAR FILLING? | DECREASES |
| IMPAIRED FLOW ACROSS VALVES IS BECAUSE OF ? | THICKENED VALVE LEAFLETS |
| COMMON DYSRHYTHMIAS ARE CUASED BY? | A REDUCED NUMBER OF PACEMAKER CELLS |
| WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE IS A DECREASED RESPONSIVENESS TO CATECHOLAMINES? | REDUCED HEART RATE WITH EXERCISE |
| WHEN THERE IS A DECREASE IN COMPLIANCE AND AN INCREASE AORTIC DIAMETER CAUSES WHAT TO HAPPEN TO THE B/P? | INCREASE IN SYSTOLIC PRESSURE |
| AN INCREASE IN SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL PRESSURE IS CAUSED BY? | BECAUSE SYSTEMIC ARTERIES BECOME STIFF AND TORTUOUS |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BARORECEPTOR RESPONSE? | IN BECOMES BLUNTED |
| PERIPHERAL EDEMA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARCOSITIES ARE DUE TO ? | BECAUSE THE DILATION OF VEINS AND IMCOMPETENT VALVES |
| CHANGES IN THE NASAL STRUCTURE DO WHAT TO NASAL BREATHING? | INCREASE OBSTRUCTION OF NASAL BREATHING |
| A DECREASE IN WHAT TYPE OF GLANDS WOULD CAUSE THICKENED MUCUS TO BE TRAPPED IN THE NASAL PHARYNX? | SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS |
| TO HAVE INEFFECTIVE MUCOCILIARY ESCALATOR IS BECAUSE ? | A DECREASE IN CILIA |
| REDUCED COMPLIANCE OF THORACIC CAGE IS DUE TO? | CALCIFACATION OF RIBS AND VERTEBRAL JOINTS |
| WHY WITH AGE IS THERE A DECREASE IN RESPIRATORY EFFORT? | RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ATROPHY AND FATIGUE |
| WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE ALVEOLAR DUCT AND RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES BECOME ENLARGED? | DECREASED SURFACE AREA FOR GAS EXCHANGE |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE RESIDUAL VOLUME AND EXPIRATION TIME WITH AGE? | RESIDUAL VOLUME INCREASES AND EXPIRATION IS PROLONGED |
| A DECREASE IN WHAT VOLUME CAUSES A REDUCTION IN RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA AND HYPERCAPNIA? | THE TIDAL VOLUME |
| AN INCREASE IN VENTILATION / PERFUSION DEFECT CAUSES ? | INCREASED ALVEOLAR ARTERIAL OXYGEN GRADIENT |
| A REDUCTION IN GLOMERRULAR FILTRATION RATE IS DUE TO WHAT THREE THINGS? | SCLEROSIS OF CORTICAL GLOMERULI, REDUCTION IN NEPHRONS, AND SHUNT OF AFFERENT AND EFFERENT ARTERIOLES |
| WHAT HAPPENS WHEN BLOOD FLOW IS REDUCED? | ACTIVATION OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM, INCREASED ARTERIAL PRESSURE, AND INCREASED SODIUM AND WATER RETENTION |
| BECAUSE OF THE IMPAIRED RESPONSE TO WHAT CAUSES REDUCED SODIUM CONSERVATION? | ALDOSTERONE |
| REDUCTION IN IN WHAT SURFACE AREA ALSO CAUSES REDUCED SODIUM CONSERVATION? | GLOMERULAR |
| IF THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE THICKENED WHAT HAPPENS TO THE FILTRATION? | DECREASED EFFICIENCYIN FILTRATION |
| IF THERE IS A REDUCED CONCENTRATING ABILITY OF MEDULLARY NEPHRONS AND A REDUCTION IN THE EFFECT OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE WHAT HAPPENS? | INCREASE IN FREE WATER EXCRETION |
| DECREASED TUBULAR LENGTH AND ATROPHY IMPAIRS ABSORPTION OF? | SODIUM, BICARBONATE, GLUCOSE |
| DECREASE TUBULAR LENGTH AND ATROPHY PUTS THE PATIENT AT WHAT RISK? | RISK FOR ACID-BASE IMBALANCE |
| what is the common cause of decreased intestinal absorption of calcium? | THE REDUCTION IN RENAL ACTIVATION OF VITAMIN D |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN REASONS FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE IN THE OLDER ADULT? | DECREASED BLADDER CAPACITY, GENERALIZED ATROPHY OF BLADDER MUSCLE, FOR WOMEN- PELVIC RELAXATION AND REDUCED ESTROGEN |
| CAN YOU NAME THE REASONS FOR INCREASED INVOLUNTARY BLADDER CONTRACTION? | AN INCREASE IN URINARY RETENTION, RESIDUAL VOLUME, AND PROSTATE SIZE. ALSO A DECREASE IN URETHRAL LENGTH IN WOMEN |
| WHY ARE NIGHTTIME URINE FLOW RATES HIGHER? | BECAUSE OF THE BLUNTED RESPONSE TO NOCTURNAL ARGININE VASOPRESSIN |
Created by:
nikishaakers
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