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PathoPharmII
Renal and Gastrointestinal Alterations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fursoemide (Loop Diuretic) | used to treat edema from renal diseases and antihypertensive, first choice diuretic for treating hypertension w/preexisting renal disease, works in the loop of Henle to excrete sodium, chloride, potassium and water, contraindication=anuria in CRF |
| Mannitol(Osmotic Duretic) | filtered in glomerulus and not reabsorbed by tubules, pull fluid into vascular space, treats acute renal failure |
| Mannitol(Osmotic Duretic) | , major contraindications=anuria dure to severe renal disease, pulmonary edema, and intraocular bleeding, most common adverse effects=dizziness and GI problems |
| Mannitol(Osmotic Duretic) | Most serious adverse effects=fluid and electrolyte imbalances, Maximizing theraputic effects=WARM the DRUG VIAL before using if CRYSTALS are seen, ADMINISTER using an in-line filter |
| Fursoemide (Loop Diuretic) | Most common adverse effect=potassium loss, Most serious adverse effect hypokalemai, permanent deafness, Minimizing adverse effects=administer IV push slowly |
| Renal vasodilator Low-Dose Dopamine (inotropin) | used for improving kidney blood supply, given by injection through a vein,dose= 2- 10 mcg/kg/min,inhances renal function in early stages of renal dysfunction, |
| Renal vasodilator Low-Dose Dopamine (inotropin) | increases BP, Nausea, vomiting or headache may occur. If these persist or worsen, notify your doctor |
| ACE inhibitors (Captopril) | inhibits angiotensin I to angiotensin II, less angiotension II means less vasoconstriction, decreases serum aldosterone, used for proteinuric renal disease especially diabetics |
| ACE inhibitors (Captopril) | adverse effects=COUGH, skin rash, metallic taste, Drug interactions=NSAIDs |
| Antianemia drugs (Epogen & Procrit) | Stimulate bone marrow to produce RBCs (shot or IV), increases reticulocyte count in 7-10 days, increases Hemoglobin & Hematocrit in 2-6 weeks |
| Antianemia drugs (Epogen & Procrit) | adverse reactions=inrombotic events, polycythemia vera, contraindication=hypersensitivity to drug |
| Iron supplements (Iron dextran, Slow Fe, Feosol) | necessary for RBC production, protienuric disease (DM), Adverse reaction to iron=GI constipation, N&V, Black tarry stools |
| Iron supplements (Iron dextran, Slow Fe, Feosol) | IV form=hypotention, phlebitis, rapid heartbeat, Serious SE= anaphylaxis, seizures, when taking with antacids decreases work of Iron or Citrus |
| Heavy Metal Antagonist deferoxamine (Desferal) | chelates w/ iron, treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias, also used for aluminum |
| Antihemorrhagic drugs Desmopression | stops bleeding |
| Phosphate Binders (Aluminum hydroxide/Amphojel, calcium acetate/PhosLo, calcium carbonate/Tums, Maalox, Caltrate) | Monitor calcium and phospherous levels (inverse relationship), phosphate binders are given to increase Calcium absorption, requires activation of vitamin D, |
| Phosphate Binders (Aluminum hydroxide/Amphojel, calcium acetate/PhosLo, | PREVENTS Absoption of Digoxin and Antibotics, Give 1-3 hours after meals, and 1-2 hours before or after other meds, calcium salts cause mild GI complants |
| Calcitrol | cardiac arrhythmias, DO NOT give to someone w/calcium stones |
| Cation Exchange Resins (KayEXalate) | treatment of HYPERkalemia, exchanges electrolytes, oral or rentention enamia (30 mins to 10hrs), eleminated in feces, Adverse SE= fluid retention, hypokalemia |
| Systemic Antacids (Sodium Barcarbonate; sodium citrate) | Systemic alkaliying agents used to treat (metabolic) acidosis w/renal failure, decreases s/s of uremia, Acute condition adminitster w/ IV, monitor PaCO2 and pH for effectiveness, Adverse SE: Sodium and fluid retention |
| UTI S/S | burning on urination, abdominal pain, smelly urine, frequent urination/urgency |
| UTI Antibiotics:Bactrim sulfa drug (Cipro) | binds w/ protein, 2 yrs old and younger or preggers (induces kernicterus/ bilirubin stains area brain) DON'T take it |
| UTI Antibiotics:Bactrim sulfa drug (Cipro) | interfers w/ folic acid synthesis, so new bacteria will not form, and old bacteria die (bacteria static), take 3-7 days, avoid cranberry juice w/Bactrim |
| Bactrim fact | Bactrim and any kind of drug that binds to protein as well, will NOT work as well |
| UTI Complications in kidneys | Polynephritus= E. coli or Pseudomonas infection of renal pelvis, intersitium, casts (shedding of cells) in urine# |
| UTI complication Cystitis | E. coli causes inflammation of bladder and is the most common site of UTI |
| Urinary Analgesics (Pyridium & AZO) | excreted in urine, where it releves pain, burning, frequency, and urgency caused by irritation that infection produces in urinary mucosa |
Created by:
mordecia123
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