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NU128
Module IV - Respiratory
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Thorax is divided into: | Mediastinum (Heart, Trachea, Esophagus, Major blood vessels) Thoracic cage (bones, cartilage, muslce of the thorax)Pleural cavities |
Pleura:lining surrouding the lungs & chest wall. Pleural Cavity: space between 2 linigs filled C pleural fluid | Visceral Pleura (outside the lungs), Parietal Pleura (lines inside the chest wall & diaphragm. |
Respiration: Inhalation - Active, Exhalation -Passive | Eupnea= regular. Dyspnea= change in breathing pattern. SOB |
Landmarks for Assessment of Thorax | Sternum, Supraesternal Notch (jugular nothc),Angle of Louis, Clavivles, Ribs |
Breath Sounds - BronchialVesicularBronchovesicular | B: hign pitched, loud C Insp < Exp (heard over trachea)V: low pitched, soft C Insp> Exp (heard over peripheral lung fields)B: moderated pitch C Insp = Exp (heard over major bronchi & posterior between scapula) |
Adventitious; Crackles/rales, Rhonchi, Whezees | Abnormal results for Bronchophony: clear "99",Egophony: "eee=aaa". Whispered Pectoriloquy; loud & clear |
Developmantal Considerations-Pediatric:If sleep Ascultate first, have kid blow pen light. Thorax is round C equal A:P diamenter until 6 mo. Abd breathing Rate 30's | Percussion: Hyperresonant, Ascultation- hear bronchovesicular breath sounds up tp age 5-6 over most of the lungs. |
Developmantal Considerations- GeriatricDecrease: Respiratoty efficenciy & cough ability. Changes in respiratory depth | Cultural- Incidency of Respiratory Disease is greater in non-Caucasians, poor rural and recent immigrants. |