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The Heart 01
The Heart - Vocab - LPN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atrioventricular (A-V) node | the mass of specialized muscle fibers in the septum at the junction of the four chambers |
| Bundle of His | A small band of cardiac muscle fibers responsible for conducting nerve impulses |
| Cardiac | Pertaining to the heart |
| cusp | the flap of valves that open and close |
| diastole | the period of time when the heart rests between contractions |
| septum | the wall in the middle of the heart that divides it into right and left sides |
| Sinoatrial (S-A) Node | the small mass of specialized muscle fibers in the posterior wall of the right atrium just below the opening of the superior vena cava that establishes the rhythm of cardiac contractions |
| Systole | the period of time when the heart contracts |
| Valve | a membranous structure that temporarily closes a heart passageway to permit flow of blood in one direction only |
| endocardium | the very smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and forms the valves |
| myocrardium | the middle and thickest layer; the muscle layer |
| pericardium | the double membrane that covers the heart and secretes fluid that provides lubrication to prevent friction during heart action |
| right atrium | thin-walled space that receives deoxygenated venous blood as it returns from the body |
| left atrium | space that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs |
| left ventricle | thickest-walled space of the heart; receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the rest of the body through the arteries |
| tricuspid | closes to prevent any blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle begins to pumps |
| pulmonary semilunar | between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery leading to the lungs; prevents blood from returning to the right ventricle |
| bicuspid or mitral | closes to prevent blood from returning to the left atrium when the left ventricle begins to contract |
| aortic semilunar | between the left ventricle and the aorta' prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle |
| Functions of Heart | Delivers nutrients and oxygen to all body cells, Transports waste products to the excretory organs, distributes hormones and antibodies to the tissues where needed |
| Layers of Heart Wall | endocradium, myocardium, pericardium |
| Chambers of the Heart | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle |
| Valves | tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid or mitral, aortic semilunar |
| The right and left ventricle are seperated by the: | septum |
| Arteries | Thickest walled blood vessels, Carry blood from the pumping chambers (ventricles) to the organs |
| Capillaries | Small, thin-walled vessels linking arteries and veins, Nutrients and oxygen pass through capillary walls into tissue; waste product and deoxygenated blood cells enter through capillary walls for transport back to heart |
| Veins | larger then capillaries, but thinner-walled then arteries. Transport blood back to the heart under low pressure |
| Cardiac Cycle | The atria contract while the ventricles relax & fill with blood. The ventricles contract & force blood into circulation while the atria relax and fill with blood |
| Nerve Control | Originates in the S-A node, Heart contracts rhythmically even though its outside nerve supply may be interrupted or destroyed, Nerve supply comes from part of the autonomic nervous system, which increases or decreases the heart rate |
| Conduction System | Contraction begins in the S-A node,travels as the wave passes through the atrial muscles, causing them 2 contract. The A-V node is stimulated & transmitsa the waves 2 the Bundle of His, which stimulates the ventricular muscle, causing them 2 contract |
| First Sound of Heart (Lubb) | is due to the cuspid valve closure and ventricle contractions (systolic) |
| Second Sound of Heart (Dupp) | is due to the closure of the semilunar valves (diastolic) |
| Sounds: Murmurs | due to abnormal closure of the valves |
| Order of Blood Flow Step 1 | blood flows through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium of the heart |
| Order of blood Flow Step 2 | Blood then flows through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle |
| Order of Blood Flow Step 3 | From the right ventricle, blood flows through the pulmonary artery, into the lungs. |
| Order of Blood Flow Step 4 | Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by flowing through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. |
| Order of Blood Flow Step 5 | blood flows from the left atrium, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle. |
| Order of Blood Flow Step 6 | Blood is then pumped through the aortic valve, into the aorta, and then flows to general arterial circulation |
| The nerve conduction system is a combination of nerves and muscle tissues that regulates ____________ | contractions |
Created by:
Myssi76
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