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Fund - Test 2
Chap. 35 Medications / Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| medication | substance administered for diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of symptom or for prevention of disease. |
| drug | aka: medication; illicitly obtained substance such as heroin, cocaine or amphetamines |
| prescription | the written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug |
| generic name | given before a drug becomes officially an approved medication |
| official name | is the name under which it is listed in one of the official publications |
| chemical name | name by which a chemist knows it; this name describes the constituents of the drug precisely |
| trade name | name given by the drug manufacturer. Usually selected to be short & easy to remember |
| brand name | another name for the trade name. May have several trade names. |
| Pharmacology | is the study of effect of drugs on living organisms |
| Pharmacy | is the art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drugs; word also refers to the place where the drug is prepared & dispensed |
| pharmacist | a person licensed to prepare & dispense drugs and make-up prescriptions |
| pharmacopeoeia | (also spelled pharmacopeia) is a book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the product, chemical tests for determining identity & purity, and formulas & prescriptions. |
| Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act | requires labels be accurate & all drugs be tested for harmful effects |
| Durkham-Humphrey Amendment | differentiates drugs that can be sold only with a prescription/without prescription and those that cant be refilled without a prescription |
| Kefauver-Harris Amendment | Requires proof of safety & efficacy of a drug for approval |
| Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act | categorizes controlled subs & limits how often a prescription can be filled; established gov-programs to prevent & treat drug dependence |
| therapeutic effect (aka: desired effect) | primary effect intended; reason the drug is prescribed; what you want to happen |
| side effect (secondary effect) | effect that is unintended; usually predictable & may be either harmless or potentially harmful |
| adverse effects/reactions | the more SEVERE side effects; justify the discontinuation of a drug |
| drug toxicity | results from overdosage, ingestion of a drug inteded for external use & buildup of drug in the blood because of impaired metabolism or extcretion |
| drug allergy | immunologic reaction to a drug; Reacting to the antibodies that are formed by the body when 1st exposed to the foreign substance |
| anaphylactic reaction | SEVERE allergic reaction; Usually occurs IMMEDIATELY after administration of drug; can be FATAL if not treated promptly |
| drug tolerance | exists in person who has unusally low physiologic response to a drug & requires increases in dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect |
| cumulative effect | increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when rate od administratio exceeds rate of metabolism or excretion |
| idiosyncratic effect | unexpected & may be individual to that client. Underresponse/overresponse do drug may be idiosyncratic. (unpredictable/unexplainable symptoms in a particular client) |
| Drug interaction | occurs when administration of 1 drug before, at the same time as, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs |
| Potientiating Effect | increased effect(may be additive or synergistic) |
| Inhibiting Effect | decreased effect |
| Synergistic | when 2 different drugs increase the action of 1 or another drug (speeds up) |
| latrogenic disease | diseas caused unintentionally by medical therapy can be due to drug therapy. |
| drug abuse | inappropriate intake of a substance, either continually or periodically |
| drug dependence | is a persons reliance on or need to take a drug or substance |
| physiologic dependence | due to biochemical changes in body tissues, especially the nervous system (tissues come to require the substance for normal functioning) |
| psychologic dependence | emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well-being, accompanied by feelings of need or cravings for that drug |
| drug habituation | denotes a mild form of psychologic dependence (habit) |
| illicit drugs (street drugs) | those sold illegally. 2 types: drugs unabailable for purchase under any circumstances, such as heroin and drugs normally available with a prescription that are being obtained through illegal channels(usually taken to feel happy/relaxed) |
| Probenecid | Blocks excretion of penicillin |
| drug misuse | improper use of common medications in ways that lead to acute & chronic toxicity (OTC & prescriptions) |
| half-life | describes action of drug in the body; time interval required for the body's elimination processes to reduce the concentration of the drug in body by 1/2. |
| peak plasma level | when orally administered drug is absorbed from gastrointestinal tract into blood plasma, concentration in plasma increases until elimination rate equals rate of absorption. |
| Drug actions | onset of actionpeak plasma leveldrug half-lifeplateau |
| onset of action | time after administration when body initially responds to the drug |
| peak plasma level | highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate |
| plateau | a maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses |
| pharmacodynamics | process by which a drug changes the body |
| receptor | usually protein, is located on teh surface of a cell membrane or within the cell |
| agonist | drug that produces the same type of response as they physiologic or endogenous substance |
| antagonist | drug that inhibits cell function by occuyping receptor sites (prevents natural body substances from activating the functions of the cell by occupying receptor sites) |
| pharmacokinetics | study of absorption, distribution, biotransformation & excretion of drugs |
| absorption | process by which a drug passes into bloodstream |
| distribution | transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action |
| biotransformation | (detoxification/metabolism) process by which a drug is converted to a less active form |
| metabolites | products of biotransformation; 2 types: active & inactive |
| first-pass effect | oral drugs 1st pass through the liver & are partially metabolized prior to reaching the target organ |
Created by:
dbrust
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