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A& P Review Test 7
SOPN Resp Dysfuction Test 7 (1of 3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary function of Respirtory System? | Gas exchange 02 to tissue removal CO2, defend against infection, snythesis of surfactant premitting expansion of lungs. |
| Thorax consists of what? | Lungs & Mediastinum which includes the heart and major blood vessels. Sternum, 12 ribs and Diaphram muscle that seperates thoraic cavity from abdominal cavity. |
| Visceral Pleura: | Layer attached directely to lung |
| Parietal Pluera: | Layer attached directely to the thoracic wall, daphragm and mediastinum. |
| Pleural Space: | Space between visceral and parietal pleura. |
| Purpose of Nasal Cavity? | Warms, and filter air. |
| Pharynx: | Nasopharynx is air passage above the soft palate, rises to black the nasopharynx during swallowing. |
| Oropharynx: | Behind oral cavity and is for both air and food passage. |
| laryngopharynx: | Both air and food passage opens anteriorly into the larynx and posterior to the esophagus. |
| Epiglottis: | Covers Larynx during swallowing to prevent aspiration of food. |
| Trachea: | Sits in front of the espphagus and has 16-20 C shaped cartilage rings opened to posterior. |
| Bronchi | R & L mainstem bronchi split at the carina Ring shorter and wider, more aspiration in right lung than left, Bronchi branches to bronchioles. |
| Respiratory Muscosa | Is composed of epithelium, cillia trap dirt & debris, under layer is smooth muscle. |
| What can paralyze the cilia? | Smoking, alcohol, anesthesia, high O2, dyhedration and infection. |
| Alveoli | Air sacs for gas exchange, 300 million, surrounded by pulmonary capillaries for 02 and C02 gas exchange |
| Surfactant | Secreted by type II aveolli cells and prevents aveolar collape on expriation, decrease surface tension permitting inflation. |
| Macrophages | withing the alveoli destroy bacterial & foreign particles. |
| Interstition | Wall between alveoli, have elastic and collagen fibers which allow for the expansion and contration lung compliance. |
| Intrathoraic pressure: | Is always NEGATIVE, allows for ventilation. |
| Inspiration: | The active phase of ventialation the diaphragm contracts, flattens and moves downward increasing the thoraic cage increasing chest volume and increasing negative pressure moving air into the lungs. |
| Expiration: | Normally pasive as muscle relax lungs recoil decreasing volume as he diaphragm elevates. |
| Respiratory Centers: | Medulla oblongata cntral chemoreceptors, normally sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the CSF. |
| Increases in CO2 or H ions: | Increases ventilation or increased RR |
| What is the stimulus to breath? | CO2 Level. |
| Peripheral chemoreceptors located in carotid and aortic bodies are stimulated when? | When 02 is decreased, creating back up system especially for patient with respiratory disease especially *COPD*. |
| Respiration gas exchange done via? | Diffusion |
| Gas is transfered two ways? | 02 combined with HgB in the RBC's & dissolved in plasma. |
Created by:
keldog09
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