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SOPN MED SUG Test6
SOPN CARDIAC DISORDER TEST # 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An infection of the endothelium is? | Infective Endocarditis |
| You will do better with this stack-stack if you what? | Shuffle the Cards! |
| Path: Bacteria, high risk are people with rheumatic heart diseas or generative valve disease what am I? | An infection of the Endothelium. |
| I am caused by normal flora invade endocardium from oral airway, bowel and urinary tract what am I? | An infection of the Endothelium |
| Some people need this before Dental Procedurces to prevent infection of endothelium I am a drug | Antibiotics |
| Most Frequent cause of acute bacterial endocarditis is? | Staph Aureus, if left untreated = death. |
| High risk Population for Acute Bacterial Endocarditis is? | IV Drug users who use unsterile needles. |
| Clinical manifestations: Acute onset high fever, symptoms of speticemia, symptoms of cardiac failure what disease am I? | Acute Bacterial Endocarditis |
| Clinical Manifestations: Gradual flu-like symptoms, h/a, LOW GRADE FEVER, eventually leads to damaged valves, what disease am I? | Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis. |
| Diagnosis via: POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES, cardiac catherterization to determine which valve function, echocardio gram for what disease? | Infective Endocardisis, Acute & and subacute. |
| What Im I taking antibotics via IV for 4-6 weeks, or maybe I'm having a valve replacement. For what disease | Infective Endocardisis, Acute & and subacute. |
| Im causeed by GROUP A BETA HEMOLYTIC STREP, strep infections, one key preentis is to TREAT STREP THROAT... my first line of drug is PENICILLIN...what disease am I? | Rheumatic Heart Disease |
| Aschoff's nodules lession in connetive tissues w/NECROTIC center surrounded by inflammatory cells around the heart, small blood vessels around heart..they regress & ultimately scar tissue remains, resulting in endocarditis and damge valve w/scar tissue | Rheumatic Heart Disease |
| My main Patho is heart valve narrowed = STENOSIS, RESULTS IN INCOMPENTENT VALVES, valves will not close completely. Usually occurs in childhood. | Rheumatic Heart Disease |
| Manifestations Stages of Disease 1. Phyngeal Strep Infection, 2. latent period, 3. acute reeumatic fever = mainested by carditis (inflammation of heart) along with pain, swelling joints, & rash. What Disease Am I. | Rheumatic heart Disease. |
| Stage 4: Chronic stage = heart vavle deformity, often leads to congestive heart failure = CHF. What Disease am I? | Rheumatic heart Disease. |
| I have no specfice test for my disease excpt for positive Strep Throat, what disease am I? | Rheumatic heart Disease. |
| I have no cure, only prevention with Penicillin what disease am I? | Rheumatic heart Disease |
| Patho: Sometimes unknow, sometime BACTERIAL OR VIRAL infections, can be fron non-infecious condistions from autimmune disease such as lupus, & toxic reactions what Disease? | Myocarditis (Inflammation of heart Muscle) |
| Maifestations of flu, fatigue, fever, enlarged Lymph Nodes, sharp pericardial pain, maybe murmor eventially maifestations of CHF. What disease am I? | Myocarditis |
| I have a diagnois of: because there is no specific test, EKG changes, XRAY shows LG Heart. | Myocarditis |
| I the managment of what disease, treat underlying cause, antibiotic if bacterial, if autoimmune PREDNISONE, what disease am I? | Myocarditis |
| I have inflammation of the PERICARDIUM (membrane that surrounds the heart) what disease am I? | Pericarditis |
| Patho: PRIMARY VIRAL, can also be cause by raditiation treatmetn, ALSO CAN BE A COMPLICATION OF MYOCARDISAL INFARCTION what disease am I? | Pericarditis |
| Manifestions: PERICARDIAL CHEST PAIN which is SHARP in nature and WORSENS ON INSPIRATION, typically last of 48 hours, what disease am I? I have no specific test. | Pericarditis |
| Treatment of what disease..antiflammatory such as asprin, NSAIDS, indomethacin = INDOCIN, steriods, if necessary CONSTRUICTIVE PERICARDITIS, I'm Scarred and interfeer whith pumping heart result CHF or Cardiogenic Shock. | Pericarditis. |
| Abnormal Accumulation of fluied in Pericardial Space acute or chronic can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE, drop in cardia out put = SHOCK = MED EMERGENCY | Pericardial Effusion |
| small vague pain in chest | Small amouts of Pericardial Effusion |
| CHF = Dyspea, periheral edeam I need diuretics, test for me is echocariogram | Cardiac Tamponade: Pericardial Effusion |
| Pericardiocentesis is and for what? | Aspiration of pericardial fluid with needles for Severe Pericardial Effusion |
| Pericariostomy is and for what? | Small incision into pericardiu to relieve pressure on heart for Severe Pericardial Effusion. |
| Treatment: treat underlying cause, diuretics | Pericardial Effusion. |
| Valve opening narrowed what disease? | STENOSIS = Cardiac Valve Disease |
| Valve does not close completely, regurgiation or backflow through the vavle, my test is Echocardiogram, Cardia Catheterization. | REGURGITATION = Cardiac Vavle Disease. |
| Narrowing and or stenoisis of aortic valve is what? | Aortic Valve Stenosis, Cardiac Valve Disease. |
| I am caused by RHD, progressive calcification of aorta narrowing from congential defects I am what disease? | Aortic Valve Stenosis, Cardiac Valve Disease. |
| Path: INCREAES PRESSURE IN LEFT VENTRICLE, causing left venticular hypertropy, CAN LEAD TO HEART FAIULE, especially DOE, I am what disease? | Aortic Valve Stenosis |
| I need a vave replacement or repair, I have DOE AND LOUD SYTOLIC MURMOR what disease am I? | Aortic Valve Stenosis |
| I am caused by RHD, my patho is blood LEAKS or gegurgiates bank into left venticle causing increase workload, can lead to left side CHF. Leads to DOE, Systolic AND Diastolic MURMOR, if server replace valve | Aortic Valve Insufficiency (regurgiation) Cardiac Valve Disease. |
| Mitral Valve leaflets thickened and scarred, retract adn fuse together causing narrowing, thus causing back-up into left atria then PULMONARY veins = PULMONARY CONGESTION,what diseae am I? | Mitral Valve Stenosis |
| Caged Ball | Prosthetic Valve rarely used now |
| Tilted Disc | Prosthetic Valve better than a Caged Ball, but problems with clots. |
| Bileaflet = St. Jude Bileaflet Valve | Prosthetic Valve. most widely used. |
| With posthetic valves must alway be... | awared of clots therefore remain on anticoagulants such as Coumadin. |
| Sometimes I am better than artifical valves I am from cadaver, pig, and cow, what is my disadvantage and kind of valve? | Biological Tissue Valve. I only last about 5 - 7 years. |
| My classic symptons are: PUMP FAILURE OF THE HEART..NOT ENOUGH BLOOD/O2 TO MEET BODYS DEMANDS. Im what disease? | Heart Failure, effects elderly most, many die first year of diagnosis. |
| Too much volume into mitral and or aortic regurgitation, too much afterload cause from hypertension and aortic stenois lead to what disease? | Heart Failure. |
| I have DECREASED contractility from damaged to myocardium from MI & myocarditis what disease am I? | Heart Failure |
| I have decreased filling of heart chambers such as from CARDIAC TAMPONADE and severe periarditis; both equal a DECREASE IN CARDIAC OUTPUT, what disease do I have? | Heart Failure. |
| I'm a compensatory Mechanism and my heart has become OVERSTRETCHED with the left vetricle becoming HUGE and BOGGY = Remodling, what Compensary Mechanism am I? | Frank Starling Mechanism. |
| I am a Compensatory Mechanism: Stimulating sympathetic nevous stystem (epinephrine) this INCREASING HEART RATE, however HR eventually becomes TOO rapid whih in turn decreased cardiac output r/t DECREASE VENTRICULAR FILLING, what Compensatory Mech? | Increased Heart Rate. |
| Im a Compensatory Mechanism, I sense decreased cardiac output, interprets shock, therefore body increases venouse tone to increase blood flow TO heart (increase preload) eventually = TOO MUCH PRELOAD. | Increased Venous Return to Hear. |
| Left ventricle failure, mostly involves PULMONARY SYSTEM, r/t BLOOD FLUID CONGESTION BACK UP INTO LUNG. (CRACKLES) | Left sided Heart Failure. |
| Dyspnea is my first sign, then DOE (dyspnea on exertion, then may progress into dyspnea at rest. May include othopnea, and or paroxymal noctural dyspnea my crackle TRAVELS UP HIGHER IN THE LUNGS, AND I HAVE WEEZES. | Left sided heart failure |
| My sign are congestion of blood, fluid into systemic system r/t back up into superior vean cava I have Jugularvenous distention, PERIPERAL EDEMA, usually in feet, then ankles, lower trun, sacrum when suspine what disease am I? | Right Sided heart failure. |
| My signs are hepatomegaly r/t congestion of hepatic veins, eventually liver cells can become fibrosed and necrotic with elevated LFT's even escites, anorxia, fatigue, decreased mentation r/t decreased 02 to brain, what do I have? | Right Sided heart failure |
| CXR, BNP "B" naturetic peptide blood test, echocardiogram is diagnosis test for what | Congestive Heart Failure. |
| What should you treat for Heart Failure? | Underlying cause, dysrythmias, heart blocks with pacemaker, and Hypertension. |
| Im a positive inotropic agent I increase Cardiac Output, I'm not used as much as before what drug am I? | Cardiac Gylocisdes = Digoxin, decreased HR, hold hr less than 60, watch for digitoxity = wt. loss, anorexia, visual changes, N/V. |
| I am a widely used drug now, first line of treatment for CHF, I slow down the prgression of CHF, I don't effect the HR, I lower BP via vasodialation decreasing "AFTERLOAD", what drug am I? | I am an ACE inhibitor |
| My side effects are COUGH, INCREASED POTASSIUM, kidney problem, watch my BUN & CR | Drug is: ACE inhibitor |
| I am a drug that increase urine production, decrease blood volume, decrease cardiac workload, decrease mortality what drug am I? | Thiazide diurtics, Loop Diuretics (more potent), & Potassium sparing diuretics. |
| I am a venous dilators and coronary artery dilator what drug am I? | Vasodilators = NITRATES, ARTERIAL DILATORS = HYDRALAZINE DECREASES AFTERLOAD. |
| I decrease HR, BP, & SNS (epinephrine) also used for dysrthmia's, MI's, help prevent agina. with astham I may worsen athsma what drug am I? | I am a BETA BLOCKER: Metoprolol (lopresser, Carvedilor (Coreg). |
| A pt with a tricusid vave disorder will have impaired blood flow between the? | Right atrium and right ventricle. |
| A patient with an MI of the anterior wall of the left ventricle most likely has an occcusion of the? | Left anterior desceding artery. |
| If the Prukinje system is damaged, conducion of the electricla impluse is impaired through the? | Ventricles |
| The portion of the vascular system responsible for hemostatis is the? | Endothlial layer of the arter. |
| When a person's blood pressure rises the homeostatic mechanism to compensate for an elvation involve stimulation of:? | Barorecepts that inhibit the sympathetic nerous system, causing VASODILATION. |
| A P wave on and ECG represents an impuse from where? | Arising at the SA node and DEPOLARIZING the atria. |
| Sinus Dysrthmias originate where? | Originate in SA node (the normal physiolgical pacemake of heart) |
| Sinus Bradycardia | HR <60 arise from SA node Meds: Digoxin, Beta-Blockers |
| Sinus Tachycardia | HR > 100-160 arise from SA Node |
| Meds for Sinus Tacycardia | Epinephrin, Isupre, Dopanmine, Dubutamine |
| I have increased intracranial pressure, and on of these: anorexia, nervose, hypothyroidism carotid sinus massage & valsava maneuver what would my EKG Be? | Sinus Bradycardia |
| Clinical Mani: decreased cardiac output, dizziness, syncope, hypotention what would my EKG be? | Sinus Bradycardia |
| I just excersied, have a fever, and hyperthroidism what would my EKG be? | Sinus Tachycardia. |
| What is more serious condition Atrial Arrythmias or Ventricle Arrythmias? | Ventricular Arrythmias |
| When foucs of beat arises outside of SA node but sill in the artrial tissue, therefore, P waves will difffer from SA P waves what EKG? | Premature Atrial Contraction. Drug B-adrenergic blockers |
| Drug of choice for PVC | Lidocaine IV |
| Originate in ventricles, is early or premature in the cardiac cycle and followed by a comensatory pause. It is a wide & bizzare looking QRS what EKG | Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC) No radial pulse, signs of decreased cardiac output. |
| A pt with a tricusid vave disorder will have impaired blood flow between the? | Right atrium and right ventricle. |
| A patient with an MI of the anterior wall of the left ventricle most likely has an occcusion of the? | Left anterior desceding artery. |
| If the Prukinje system is damaged, conducion of the electricla impluse is impaired through the? | Ventricles |
| The portion of the vascular system responsible for hemostatis is the? | Endothlial layer of the arter. |
| When a person's blood pressure rises the homeostatic mechanism to compensate for an elvation involve stimulation of:? | Barorecepts that inhibit the sympathetic nerous system, causing VASODILATION. |
| A P wave on and ECG represents an impuse from where? | Arising at the SA node and DEPOLARIZING the atria. |
| Sinus Dysrthmias originate where? | Originate in SA node (the normal physiolgical pacemake of heart) |
| Sinus Bradycardia | HR <60 arise from SA node Meds: Digoxin, Beta-Blockers |
| Sinus Tachycardia | HR > 100-160 arise from SA Node |
| Meds for Sinus Tacycardia | Epinephrin, Isupre, Dopanmine, Dubutamine |
| I have increased intracranial pressure, and on of these: anorexia, nervose, hypothyroidism carotid sinus massage & valsava maneuver what would my EKG Be? | Sinus Bradycardia |
| Clinical Mani: decreased cardiac output, dizziness, syncope, hypotention what would my EKG be? | Sinus Bradycardia |
| I just excersied, have a fever, and hyperthroidism what would my EKG be? | Sinus Tachycardia. |
| What is more serious condition Atrial Arrythmias or Ventricle Arrythmias? | Ventricular Arrythmias |
| When foucs of beat arises outside of SA node but sill in the artrial tissue, therefore, P waves will difffer from SA P waves what EKG? | Premature Atrial Contraction. Drug B-adrenergic blockers |
| Drug of choice for PVC | Lidocaine IV |
| Originate in ventricles, is early or premature in the cardiac cycle and followed by a comensatory pause. It is a wide & bizzare looking QRS what EKG | Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC) No radial pulse, signs of decreased cardiac output. |
| QRS wide, bizzare, extreme decrease in cardiac output what EKG? | Ventricular Tachycardia |
| Ventricular Tachycardia drug of choice? | Lidocain IV, of no then then procainamide (pronestly) 3rd line Bretylium, Defibrillation if unconscious |
| No Pulse, No BP, LOC what EKG? | Ventricular Fibrillation. |
| Drug Used for CHF | Cardiac Glycosides: Digoxin (lanoxin) |
| I am a drug that streghtens force of contraction, increase cardiac output, decrease HR, increasse filling time for heart | Cardiac Gycosides: Digoxin (lanoxin) |
| Check K levels and HR <60 for what drug? | Digoxin (lanoxin) |
| Prevention drug of choice for angina pectoris and prevention of angina pectoris> | Nitrates: Nitorglycerin, Isosorbide |
| Check BP before what drug | Nitrates: Nitorgylercin, Isosorbide Pt can NT every 5 minutes for 3 doses, if not relief call MD. |
| I decrease afterload what drugs? | Arterial Dilators:diazoxide (hyperstat) Hydralzine (apresoline)Minoxidel |
| I decrase afterload & Preload what drug? | Arterial & Venous Dilators: nitroprusside (Nipride)Prazosin (Minipresse |
| I increase Blood Pressure, use for Heart Faliure, Increase Cardiac Output. | ACE Inbhibors:Captopril (Captoten)Enalapril (Vasotec)Lisinophil (Prinvil or Zestril) |
| Check BP & WBC for what drug? | Ace Inhibitors |
| Drug to prevent angina, Dsrythmias, Hypertention, don't use with heart faliure | Calium Channel Blockers:Nifedipine (Procardia)Diliazem (Cardizem)Verapamil (Calan) |
| My side effects are Cough, hypotention, renal failure, Nuetropenia what drug? | ACE Inhibitors |
| My side effects are Edema, heart failure, Headaches | Calcium Channel Blockers. |
| I decrase HR, BP & epenephrine used for dsyrthymia, MI and to help prevent angina what drug? | Beta Blockers: metoprolol (Lopressor), carvedilol (coreg) |
| Do not use my with Asthma, or CHF | Metoprolol (Lopressor) or carvediolol (coreg) |
| Monitor VS, DAILY WEIGHTS, BUN, CR, POT and IO over 30 cc hr for what? | Chronic Heart Failure Drugs. |
| Patho: Fluied accumulates in air spaces of lungs due to back up of fluid from plumonary veins from left atra adn vetricles from CHF what cardio disease? | Cariogenic Pulmonary Edema |
| Mani: breathless, impending doom, tachypnea, tachycardia, diaphoresis, perpheral cynois, CRACKLES what cardio disease? | Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema |
| Monitor fuosemide & I&O VS AUCULATE LUNG SOUNDS for what disease? | Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema |
| Life time build up of plaque, which narrows the arteries what cardio disease? | Coronary Artery Disease |
| Most common cardiac disease #1 killer both sexes? | Coronary Artery Disease |
| Silent MI, from agian pectoris and or myocardial infaction from frow what disease | Coronary Artery Disease. |
| Angina during acivities | Stable Angina |
| Angina at rest | Unstable Angina |
| I am a sign of MI | Unstable Angina (pain at rest) |
| Prinzmetal's Angina | Coronary artery SPASMS (Vasospasm) |
| Drug for Pinzmetal's Angina | Calcium Channel Blockers. |
| What drug check BP after each dose? | Nitrates |
| Management of Coronary Artery Disease? | Cholesterol Lowering Drugs, Asprin, Nitrates |
| Surgeon usually uses internal mammary artery adn or spaenous vein bypasses blocked coronary arteries, restore blood to myocardium what surgical intervention? | Coronary Atery bypass Graft |
| Ballon tipped catherter inserted into femoral artery into coronary artery, ballon inflatted and compresses plaque, often stent inserted what surgical procedure? | Percutanious Transluminal Coronary artery Angioplasty. |
| Labs show EKG changes, ELEVATED TROPIN, CPK MB band what disease? | Myocardial Infarction |
| Symptoms: N/V, SOB, feel impending doom, can eaisly be MISTAKEN FOR INDIGESTION what disease? | Myocardial Infarction |
| Where do MI mostly affect? | LEFT VENTRICLE BECAUSE HAS THE GREATEST WORKLOAD AND GREATEST O2 DEMAND. |
| My most COMMON CAUSE IS: Total occlusion of coronary artrey by thrombosis r/t athersclerotic plaque what disease | Myocardial Infarction |
| Mani: UNRELIEVED BY REST, and possible unrelieved by Nitrates, feels like elphant sitting on chest what disease? | Mycardial Infarction |
Created by:
keldog09
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