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Africa Unit Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Desertification | The process by which land becomes more and more dry until it turns into desert. This may be caused by climate change, human activities, or both. |
| Drought | An unusually long period in which little or no rain falls. |
| Marginal land | Land that is not well-suited for growing crops. |
| Pastoral nomads | Groups of herders who move with their animals from place to place in search of pasture and water. |
| Physical characteristics of a desert | Pink and yellow dunes; blue craggy cliffs; black volcanic rubble; ergs, regs, and hammadas; wadis; Nile and Niger rivers flow through the Sahara; desert temperatures vary. |
| Adaptation to the desert | Upon reaching an oasis, nomads trade neat, cheese, or milk for grain, vegetables, fruit, and water; have camel caravans; modern technology helps them get water and food and talk to people through satellite phones. |
| Physical features of an oasis | Thousands of date palms shade fruit trees; wild gazelles graze nearby; tiny islands of fresh water in the desert; date palms are important; some oases are made naturally while others are human-made. |
| Adaptation to oases | Farmers grow dates and vegetables; trading, farmers building stuff to protect their crops. |
| Physical characteristics of the Sahel | Land is marginal for farming; vegetation is a mix of grasslands, acacia trees, baobab trees, and small bushes; droughts are a fact of life. |
| Adaptation to the Sahel | Farmers planted crops; in good years, just enough rain falls in the Sahel to grow crops. |
| Colonialism | A system in which one country rules another area as a colony. The ruling country controls trade with its own benefit. |
| Cultural region | An area that is set apart from other places by the way of life of the people who live there. |
| Ethnic diversity | A variety of people from different ethnic groups. |
| Linguistic group | A group of people who share a common language. |
| Northern Nigeria- Physical environments and ethnic groups | High, flat plains; Lake Chad is an important source of water for many people in the region; The Hausa and the Fulani are the two religions located in Northern Nigeria; both ethnic groups belong to the Muslim religion; Hausa are urban and Fulani are rural |
| Northern Nigeria- Culture | Most houses have flat tops; favor loose clothes that protect them from the sun; wear arab-styled hats called fez; Muslim women wear hijabs; tension drums are a popular traditional instrument; |
| Northern Nigeria- Economy | Make their living as farmers and herders; Hausa farmers grow crops such as corn and millet, a kind of grain; Fulani herders sell milk or products made from milk, like butter, to villagers; Hausa make cloth. |
| Western Nigeria- Physical features | Sits on the gulf of guinea beside a wide bay called the bight of benin; tropical rain forest grew along the coastline; most of Western Nigeria is a Savanna; two largest cities are Lagos and Ibadan. |
| Western Nigeria- Ethnic groups | The Yoruba make up the largest ethnic group; first came to Nigeria around 100 B.C.E. Today, about one fifth of Nigerians speak forms of Yoruba. |
| Western Nigeria- Culture | Those who are well of live in one story apartments; the poor live in shacks; roofs provide shelter in hot weather from the sun; people put buckets under the edge of their roofs to collect rainwater during the wet season. |
| Western Nigeria- Economy | Some people work in factories and others work in offices; others are teachers, engineers, or doctors; urban yoruba sell foods like yams, cloth, baskets, and other goods tourists might want to buy. |
| Eastern Nigeria- Physical features | Sits on the gulf of guinea beside a second bay known as the bight of biafra; the benue river forms the northern edge of the region; niger delta is one of the world's largest wetlands. |
| Eastern Nigeria- Ethnic groups | The Igbo are the largest ethnic group in eastern Nigeria; they settled here thousands of years ago; each village spoke its own dialect of the Igbo language. |
| Eastern Nigeria- Culture | In the cities, the Igbo build houses using mud bricks; in swampy areas, people build their houses on stilts; Igbo wrap themselves in colorful cloth; the traditional hat for men is a small cap. |
| Eastern Nigeria- Economy | Farming used to be the Igbo's main economic activity; foreign oil companies run Nigeria's oil industry; the Igbo have used education to change their lives. |
| 5 wealthiest countries in the world | U.S., Japan, Germany, France, Italy |
| 5 poorest countries in the world | Cambodia, Armenia, Namibia, Kyrgyzstan, Madagascar |
| Apartheid | The former official South African policy of separating people according to race. A partheid gave most of the political and economic power to the whites. |
| Distribution | The way people or things are spread out over an area or space. The term can also refer to the way resources, power, or goods are divided among people or groups. |
| Multiracial | Made up of people from several ethnic groups. |
| Segregation | The separation of one group of people from another, such as by race. Segregation can involve laws or customs that require different groups to use different facilities and live in separate areas. |
| Igbo ethnic group | Rewarded by the British for their willingness to learn english and attend British schools. |
| People that get infected with HIV each year in Nigeria | Working- age adults |
| Important legacy of the British rule | Conflict between the Igbo and other ethnic groups |
| Employment Equity Act | Let all ethnic groups get jobs |
| Educational goal since the end of apartheid | Preparing all students for good jobs |
| One way people have adapted to living in an oasis | Farmers growing cash crops like dates and vegetables |
| Oil production | Most important economic activity in the Niger River Delta |
| Ergs, regs, hammadas | Desert landforms |
| Major difference between Sahel and Sahara desert | Sahel desert has more rainfall |
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