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Fund Exam #4 ch 21
Fundamentals Exam #4 chapter 21 Pgs 651-658
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the administration of nutritionally balanced liquefied foods or formula through a tube inserted into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum by way of a nasoenteric tube or a feeding ostomy? | Tube Feeding or Enteral feeding |
| What is an Ostomy? | A surgical opening through which a feeding tube may pass |
| What is the term used to describe intravenous feeding? | Parenteral nutrition, or hyperalimentation |
| What is the administration of a hypertonic solution into a large central vein? | Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) |
| When is a tube feeding indicated? | when a patient is unable to chew or swallow and only when all or at least part of the GI tract is functioning |
| What is a nasogastric tube? | A tube that is passed through the nose and into the stomach |
| If regurgitation is common or gastric residual is high, what may be used to reduce the risk of aspiration? | A nasojejunal or nasoduodenal tube (a tube that is passed through the nose and into the jejunum or duodenum) |
| Ostomies can be made to go into where? | The esophagus (esophagostomy), stomach (gastrostomy), or jejunum (jejunostomy) |
| What are Bolus feedings? | Giving a 4- to 6-hour volume of formula in a matter of minutes. |
| What may indicate that the formula strength, volume, or rate is too great in a tube feeding? | Distention, diarrhea, and nausea |
| At what temperature should enteral feedings be given? | Room temperature |
| What is the most dependable means of checking the nasogastric tube placement? | Through radiologic confirmation. |
| When administering a nasogastric tube feeding, what should the nurse do before each feeding? | Auscultate for active bowel sounds |
| What position should the patient be in for a nasgastric tube feeding? | Elevate head of bed to Fowler's, at least 30 degrees, or reverse Trendelenburg if spinal injury is present. |
| What is the color of gastric secretions? | Usually green, brown, or tan to off-white |
| What is the color of intestinal fluid? | medium to deep golden brown or bile stained |
| When doing a gastric aspiration which fluid is pale, clear yellow, and watery. | Pleural fluid |
| Besides radiological confirmation, which is the next best method of determining the nasogastric tube has been placed correctly? | Through pH measurement. By testing the pH of fluid aspirated from a newly inserted feeding tube, it is possible to make reasonable assumptions about the tube's location. |
| What should the pH range be for gastric contents? | A range of 0 to 4; tracheobronchial and pleural secretions should have a pH greater than 6, and intestinal contents usually have a pH of 7 or greater. |
| If unable to aspirate during a nasogastric tube feeding, what should you do? | Suspect the tube is occluded or kinked, and attempt to flush with 30 ml of warm water. |
| Once we have the residual volume and it's been tested what do we do with it? | Readminister residual volume to patient by allowing it to flow from syringe into tubing |
| If residual amounts are greater than the last infusion or 150 mL what do we do? | hold feeding 1 hour and reassess residual and DO NOT readminister into the tubing |
| Why is the formula administered at room temperature? | Cold formula may cause gastric clamping and discomfort because the liquid is not warmed by mouth or esophagus. |
| Patients who receive continuous drip feedings should have what checked every 4 hours? | Residuals checked and tube placement verified. |
| When is a Parenteral (PPN) feeding indicated? | For the patient with a nonfunctioning or dysfunctioning GI tract |
| When is a Total parenteral feedingv(TPN) indicated? | For patients needing a highly concentrated formula of nutrition |
| TPN candidates usually need less than 3 weeks of IV feedings. Ture or False | False, candidates for TPN include those who must be on IV feedings for more than 3 weeks and those with unsuitable or unavailable peripheral veins. |
| Candidates for PPN are those needing 3000 kcal/day or less, those needing supplementation to oral diet, or those requiring short-term therapy (less than 3 weeks). True or False | True |
| PPN is administered through peripheral veins or into a central vein? | Peripheral veins |
| Where is the solution for TPN usually infused? | Into the superior vena cava |
| What are TPN and PPN formulas composed of? | glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes |
| For which feeding must solutions be sterile, PPN or TPN? | TPN |
Created by:
bsmymicareo
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