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Assessment Quiz 4
Female assessment/Pregnancy/Child assessment/Head to toe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skene's glands | Located on either side of the urethral meatus, produce mucus that is secreted through ducts |
| Bartholin's glands | Produce a clear lubricating mucus during intercourse |
| The ovaries produce | Estrogen and progesterone |
| The left testicle hangs lower than the right, because: | the left spermatic cord is longer |
| The epididymis is | a crescent shaped structure that is curved over the top of the testicle. |
| The walnut shaped prostate gland | lies below and behind the urinary bladder, surrounding the urethra. |
| The prostate gland secretes | thin, white, milky, alkaline ejaculation fluid that helps sperm viability. |
| Cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia are more common in: | preterm boys |
| Testicles enlarge between: | 9 and 13 years |
| The nipple and areola form between | 12 and 16 weeks |
| Pubic hair in girls develops between ages: | 8 to 13.5 years |
| Menarche occurs: | usually 2 years after the appearance of breast buds |
| Axillary hair in girls is usually: | 2 years after the onset of pubic hair |
| Menarche occurs in breast development Stage: | 3 or 4 usually around 12 |
| Breast development is usually completed by: | age 16 |
| Tanner stage 1-breast | pre-adolescent breast with only a small elevated nipple with no underlying breast tissue. |
| Tanner stage 2-breast | breast bud stage in which the breast and nipple elevate as a small mound, and the areola widens. |
| Tanner stage 3-breast | there is further enlargement of the breast and areola, and the areola becomes darker. |
| Tanner stage 4-breast | the areola and nipple form a secondary mound over the breast tissue. |
| Tanner stage 5-breast | is the mature breast |
| Tanner stage 1-boys | pre-adolescent, no pubic hair; penis and testes are same size and proportion as in childhood. |
| Tanner stage 2-boys | sparse pubic hair; slight enlargement of penis and testes. |
| Tanner stage 3-boys | darker, coarser pubic hair; further enlargement of penis and testes. |
| Tanner stage 4-boys | coarse and curly pubic hair covering more area; further enlargement of penis and testes. |
| Tanner stage 5-boys | hair spread to medial surface of the thighs and adult in quality and quantity; penis and testes reach adult size and proportion. |
| In boys, puberty typically begins between: | ages 9.3 and 13.5 years |
| Maturation from preadolescent boy to adult man usually lasts | 2-5 years |
| Trisomy 13 and 18 are associated with | hydronephrosis |
| Girls with Turner syndrome have | abnormally formed ovaries |
| Acanthosis nigricas in girls: | may indicate PCOS |
| Alopecia may indicate | hypothyroidism |
| Pediatric family history for girls ask: | maternal age at menarche, family hx. of dysmenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, or endometriosis, thyroid, Wilm's tumor, female cancer, PCOS |
| Pediatric family history for boys ask: | Wilm's tumor,cryptochidism, hypospadias, epispadias, testicular malignancy |
| Birth through school age-epidermis more loosely bound to the dermis: | easy blistering, susceptible to superficial bacterial infections, and more likely to have associated systemic symptoms with some skin infections |
| Birth to preschool age-eccrine glands | palmar sweating occurs; helps to assess pain in neonate |
| adolescents-apocrine glands | causes body odor |
| Birth until adolescence-melanin | affects assessment of skin color as child ages |
| Posterior fontanel | should be closed by 2 months |
| Anterior fontanel | should be closed by 12 to 18 months |
| Postnatal brain growth is completed by | age 1 |
| Brain reaches 75% of adult size by | age 3 |
| Brain reaches 90% of adult size by | age 6 |
| Brain reaches adult size by | age 12 |
| Infants can distinguish color by | age 8 months |
| Children are far-sighted until about | age 6-7 years |
| Short-wide Eustachian tube, lying in horizontal plane (birth until 2) | cannot easily drain fluid from middle ear and prone to middle ear infections |
| Pinna should be pulled down and back to perform otoscopic examination | birth to age 3 |
| Pinna should be pulled up and back for otoscopic examination | age 3 years and older |
| Deciduous teeth should erupt between | ages 6 to 24 months |
| Delay in deciduous teeth may indicate | hypothyroidism or poor nutrition |
| Chest circumference should exceed head circumference | at age 2 years |
| Infants have only: of the total # of alveoli found in the adult lung | 10% |
| Birth to 10 years less lung volume, therefore: | higher respiratory rate |
| Beginning age 2 years: breath sounds loud and high in pitch, easily heard through thin chest wall, inhaled foreign bodoes easily aspirated into: | right bronchus, right is significantly shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left |
| Neonates corresponding ages | birth to 28 days |
| Infants corresponding ages | 1 month to 1 year |
| Toddlers corresponding ages | 1 to 3 years |
| Preschoolers corresponding ages | 3 to 6 years |
| School aged children corresponding ages | 6 to 12 years |
| Adolescents corresponding ages | 12 to 21 years |
| Pediatric GI system | prolonged gastric emptying affects absorption of nutrients and medications |
| Pediatric liver | occupies a larger part of abdominal cavity and is easily felt until school aged |
| Pediatric lymph system | at ages 10-12 lymph tissue reaches a maximum size of twice the normal adult size |
| Fetal hemoglobin | has a higher affinity for oxygen |
| Pediatric kidneys | top of right kidney ma be palpated, infant to preschoolers |
| Newborn until age 2 kidneys | cannot concentrate and dilute urine effectively |
| Fluid balance birth to age 2 | increased potential for insensible water los due to large body surface area |
| Pediatric thermoregulation | sweating and vasodilation mechanisms not fully developed making birth to 2 more prone to febrile seizures |
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