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Foundations Exam 1
D& L 1-3 and C&J 1-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Florence Nightingale | considered the founder of modern nursing |
| Florence Nightingale | became a nurse over the objections of society |
| Florence Nightingale | became active in reforming health care |
| Florence Nightingale | opened the Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London in 1860 |
| Florence Nightingale | had always been interested in relieving suffering and caring for the sick |
| Amelia Greenwald | considered a catalyst for international public health nursing |
| Adah Belle Thoms | first to recognize public health as a field of nursing |
| Adah Belle Thoms | campaigned for equal rights for black nurses in the American Red Cross and Army Nurse Corps |
| Isabel Hampton Robb | emphasized the role of the nursing student as learner instead of employee |
| Isabel Hampton Robb | called for shorter working hours |
| Isabel Hampton Robb | early supporter of the rights of nursing students |
| Linda Richards | introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes and physicians’ orders as part of the medical record |
| Martha Franklin | the only African American graduate of her class at Women’s Hospital Training School for Nurses in Philadelphia |
| Martha Franklin | first person to advocate equality in nursing |
| Deborah | the first nurse to be recorded in history. Deborah, referred to as a nurse, accompanied Rebekah when she left home to marry Isaac |
| The Goldmark report | Identified the major weakness of hospital-based training programs as that of putting the needs of the institution before the needs of the student |
| The Institute of Research and Service in Nursing Education report | resulted in the establishment of practical nursing under Title III of the Health Amendment Act of 1955 |
| Service learning: | an educational method that uses community services with explicit learning objectives, preparation, and intentional reflective activities |
| Empowerment: | the process of enabling others to do for themselves |
| Clara Barton | Founder of the Red Cross |
| Harriet Tubman | Known as Conductor of the Underground Railroad |
| Louisa May Alcott | Authored nurses' contributions during the Civil War in Hospital Sketches |
| Florence Nightingale | Founder of organized nursing |
| Lillian Wald | Founder of public health nursing |
| Dorothea Dix | Organized military hospitals during the Civil War |
| Sojourner Truth | African-American nurse known for abolitionist efforts |
| Julie O. Flikke | Superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps |
| Mary Breckenridge | Founder of the Frontier Nursing Service |
| Mary Seacole | Jamaican nurse who was refused the right to work with Nightingale |
| Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) | A master's degree-educated RN who assumes accountability for client care outcomes through the assimilation and application of research-based information to design, implement, and evaluate client plans |
| Roman Catholic Church | Became a central figure in the organization and management of health care during the Middle Ages. |
| The Pennsylvania Hospital | was the first hospital built in the United States |
| The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 | provided funds for the construction of outpatient mental health centers. |
| Medicare reimbursement led to | an increase in hospitalizations and home health services in the 1960s. |
| DRG reimbursement led to | hospitals' being forced to increase efficiency and more closely manage the patient's length of stay. |
| Managed care is focused on providing | more preventive and primary care |
| Hill Burton Act | marked the largest commitment of federal dollars to health care in the country's history. |
| State Boards of Nurse Examiners in 25 states adopted the State Board Test Pool in | 1945 |
| Major issues for nursing in the twenty-first century are __, __, __, __, and __. | access, cost, quality, safety, accountability |
| Rosemarie Parse | began her work to create a theory grounded in the human science that would enhance nursing knowledge and later refined her theory. |
| Joyce Travelbee | extensively developed the ideas of sympathy, empathy, and rapport in which the nurse could begin to comprehend and relate to the uniqueness of others. |
| According to Martha Rogers, | nursing is a learned profession: a science and an art. |
| The medical model centers on | the individual and is easily adaptable in varied clinical situations. |
| Florence Nightingale thought a person’s health was the direct result of environmental influences, specifically __, __, __, __, & __. | cleanliness, light, pure air, pure water, and efficient drainage. |
| theory: | a set of related concepts and propositions that provides an orderly way to view phenomena. |
| paradigm: | a particular viewpoint or perspective. |
| Virginia Henderson viewed the nursing role | as helping the client from dependence to independence. |
| A grand theory | is composed of concepts representing global and extremely complex phenomena. |
| Metaparadigm: | the unifying force in a discipline that names phenomena of concern to that discipline |
| Levine’s principles of conservation includes | energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity. |
| Discipline: | a field of study |
| Nursing research: | the systematic application of formalized methods for generating valid and dependable information about the phenomena of concern to the discipline of nursing |
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