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Stack #146573

Pharmacologic principles

QuestionAnswer
Additive effects drug interaction in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone
Adverse drug event (ADE) Any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication
Agonist A drug that binds to & stimulates the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types in the body
Antagonist A drug that binds to &inhibits the activity of 1 or more biochemical receptor types in the body. Also called inhibitors
Antagonistic effects drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone
Bioavailbilty a measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug & route
Biotransformation 1 or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug. Occurs mainly in the liver 7 produce a metabolite that is either inactive or active. Also known as metabolism
Cytochrome P-450 general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism
Drug-induced teraogenesis the development of congenital anomalies or defects in the developing fetus caused by the toxic effect of drugs
First-pass effect the intitial metabolism int he liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream
Idiosyncratic reaction An abnormal & unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient
Metabolite a chemical form of a drug that is the product of one or more biochemical reactions involving the parent drug.
parent drug the chemical form of a drug that is administered before it is metabolized by the body's biochemical reactions into its active or inactive metabolites.
pharmaceutics the science of preparing & dispensing drugs, including dosage form design
pharmacogenetics the study of the influence of gentic factors on the drug response, including the nature of genetic aberrations that result in absence, overabundance, or insuffucuency of drug-metabolizing enzymes
pharmacodynamics the study of the biochemical & physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity. It examines the physicochemical properties of drugs & their pharmacologic interactions with body receptors.
pharmacognosy the study of drugs that are obtained rom natural plant & animal sources.
pharmacokinetics the rate of drug distribution among various body compartments after a drug has entered the body. It includes the phases of absorption, distribution, metabolism, & excretion of drugs.
pharmacotherapeutics the treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs.
prodrug an inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body.
synergistic effects drug intereactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs w/ similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone.
therapeutic index the ratio between the toxic & therapapeutic concentrations of a drug. If the index is low, the difference between the therapeutic & toxic drug concentrations is small, and use of the drugs is more hazardous.
Created by: mak1134
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