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Hypersensitivity
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| produces an immediate response and can be local or systemic | Type I |
| Type I is _______ mediated | IgE |
| allergen interacts with IgE bound to mast cells and basophils, causing histamine, acetylcholine, kinins, and chemptatic factors to be released | Type I |
| allergic rhinits s/s | S/S: sneezing, itching, and watery eyes and nose, may lead to fatigue, malaise, mucsle aches and HA |
| food allerges s/s | S/S usually involve the skin, GI, & respiratory system |
| usually from injected allergies and occassional food allergies | systemic anaphylactic reaction |
| s/s of type I systemic anaphylactic reactions | itching, uticaria (rash), GI cramps, difficulty breathing, angioedema (swelling in the face), rapid drop in BP |
| 2 types of type I localized atopic disorders | allergic rhinitis and food allergies |
| these ten to have more than one allergy d/t a high # of IgE, basophils, and mast cells | type I: Localized atopic disorders (antigen is confined to one area) |
| what is tx for allergic rhinitis? | oral antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids, intranasal cromolyn and atrovent |
| what is the TX for food allergies? | avoiding the food and being prepared for an anaphlactic reaction |
| cytotoxia hypersensitivity reaction | Type II |
| Type II is _____ mediated | IgG or IgM |
| usually from hemolytic transfusion reaction of an incompatible blood type or a drug reaction | Type II |
| Lysis of blood cells occurs b/c of the activation of the complement | Type II |
| Type II s/s | fever, chills, low back pain, hypotension, tachycardia (fast pulse), N/V, uticaria, hematuria, shock, and renal failure |
| Type III is _____ mediated | IgG or IgM |
| results from the formation of IgG or IgM antibody-antigen complexes that circulate in the blood and adhere to the walls of the vessels and cause inflammation | Type III |
| immune complex-mediated hypersensistivity reaction | Type III |
| Type III s/s | reaction specific, serum sickness has fever, jt and muscle pain, uticaria, and rash |
| common causes of serum sickness | antibiotics, foods, drugs and insect venom |
| delayed hypersensitivity reaction | Type IV |
| cell-mediated rather than antibody-mediated involving the T cells | Type IV |
| results from an exaggerated interaction b/t an antigen and the normal cell-mediated mechanisms...involves a delayed onset of 24 to 48 hours | Type IV |
| Type IV s/s | specific to type of response: Contact dermatitis such as poison ivy: redness, induration, lesions, uticaria, & weeping |
| produces type I and type IV reactions | latex allergies |
| most common latex allergy that is a reaction to the residues used in production | allergic contact dermatitis (type IV) |
| Allergic contact dermatitis (type IV) latex reaction s/s | dry, itching red rash on the hands and fingers; blistering and weeping of the skin; swelling |
| what response does the natural latex protein produce? | IgE |
| can cause severe or fatal reactions and is caused from the natural latex protein | immediate hypersensitivity (type I) |
| Immediate hypersensitivity (type I) latex reaction s/s | develop within 5-30 minutes from exposure and diminish quickly when removed...immediate itching, intense swelling of fingers and hands, may progress to anaphylaxis |
| occurs when there is contact with latex through the mucous membranes or body cavities such as surgery | anaphylaxis latex reaction |
| anaphylaxis latex reaction s/s | local & generalized itching, uticaria, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, extreme anxiety, GI complaints (N/V, abdominal pain), tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, coma, cardiac arrest |
| what are some treatments for latex allergies? | topical steroids(not for systemic reactions), remove sources, Education on future prevention, medic-alert braclet, use non-irritating soaps when skin is affected |
Created by:
TayBay15
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