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Patho
Renal Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) | Often asymptomatic until late in disease course. Mestastatic. Risk increased 3-4x when a first degree relative has had the disease. Chest pain, dyspnea. Surgery, nephrectomy. |
| Acute Pyelonephritis | Usually an “ascending” infection. Can arrive via bloodstream. Bacteria binds to epithelial cells. Right kidney. Ecoli is causative. Can lead to kidney scarring. |
| Chronic Pyelonephritis | Characterized by small atrophied kidneys with diffuse scarring. Chronic or reucurrent infections. Interstitial inflammation. Reduction in the # of functional nephrons. |
| Obstruction | Congenital or Acquired-calculi or tumors. Changes secondary to obstruction depend on location & size of obstruction. Stones |
| Hydroureter | Complete obstruction of ureter. Hydronephrosis, Decreased GFR, Ischemic kidney damage. |
| Hydronephrosis | Enlarged kidney due to dilation. |
| Glomerulopathies primary | Primary. Only the kidney is involved |
| Glomerulopathies secondary | Injury due to drug exposure infection, systemic or vascular pathology. |
| Nephritic Syndrome | hematuria, mild to mod proteinuria, decreased GFR, hypertension, edema of hands and face, elevated creatinine, and may lead to renal failure. |
| Acute glomerulonephritis | Dark Urine, Proteinuria, Edema, Hypertension. Patient History, Clinical manifestations, Urinalysis. Treat w/ Supportive care. |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | Pathologic process same as acute. Progresses into chronic end stage renal disease.Nephrons atrophy, become scarred and non-functioning. |
| Nephrotic syndrome | Hallmark is edema. Treat with Diuretics. Lipid lowering meds.. |
| Acute Renal Failure | Potentially Reversible. Characterized by abrupt deterioration of renal function. Increase in serum creatinine 0.25 mg/dl. |
| Pre-renal acute renal failure | Diminished perfusion to kidney. Drug use= ACEI, NSAIDS, ARB. Decrease in blood volume. Dehydration, Vomiting, Hemorrhage |
| Post-renal acute renal failure | Obstruction of normal urine outflow from kidney. Signs and symptoms of fluid overload are present. Causes are BPH, Kinked catheters.. |
| Intra-renal acute renal failure | Caused by a dysfunction of he nephrons- Vascular, Interstitial, Glomerular, Tubular. Drug induced. Acute Tubular Necrosis- Most Common. Renal Cellular hypoxia. |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | Progressive and irrevocable loss of functioning nephrons. 75% lost before symptoms manifest-fight to the finish! Aka End State Renal Disease (ESRD) Risk Factors- Diabetes, Hypertension |
| Complication of CKD | Cardiovascular disease = Hypertension, Irregular pulse, Arrhythmias, Heart failure. Uremic Syndrome. Metabolic acidosis. Electrolytes imbalance. Dialysis is a treatment. |
| 300-500 mL | Normal bladder capacity (adult) |
| Incontinence | 2-3x more common in women. uncontrollable bladder. |
| Neurogenic Bladder | A disruption in the nervous control of micturition. |
| Urge incontinence | Older men. Urgency/leakage of urine. Overactive |
| Stress incontinence | Small amounts of urine lost with increased abdominal pressure. Sneezing/coughing. Laughing. Weakening of pelvic floor. |
| Overflow incontinence | Bladder becomes so full it overflows. Obstruction prevents full emptying. Bladder can be too weak to contract. |
| Functional incontinence | Physical or environmental limitations that prevent access in "time". |
| Cystitis (bladder infection) | Bacteria normally cleared by "flushing" of urine itself. More common in females due to shorter urethra. E.coli mostly responsible. |
| CAUTIs | Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections. Most common nosocomial infection today. |
Created by:
whitneydpugh
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