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AP MOD. I-Cells
Term | Definition |
---|---|
plasma membrane | outer boundary of cell |
cytoplasm | internal cell fluid |
ribosomes | "protein factories" of cell |
endoplasmic reticulum | (ER)-network of sacs and canals |
smooth endopalsmic reticulum | syntesizes chemicals, makes new membrane |
rough endoplasmic reticulum | collects, folds, and transports proteins |
golgi apparatus | "chemical processing and packaging center" of cell |
mitochondria | "power plant" of cell, contain DNA |
lysosomes | "digestive bags" of cell-eat microbes |
centrioles | paired organelles, function in cell reproduction |
microvilli | small finger-like extensions, increase surface area |
cilia | hairlike extensions, move in unison |
flagella | propel a cell-only example in humans is "taols" of sperm |
nucleus | control enter of cell-contains DNA |
passive transport | does not require energy-down the concentration gradient |
active transport | requires energy from ATP-up the concentration gradient |
diffusion | passive transport-substances scatter themselves evenly throughout available space |
filtration | passive transport-movement of water and solutes |
osmosis | diffusion of water |
ion pumps | active transport-protein complex |
phagocytosis | active transport-mechanism that destroys bacteria |
pinocytosis | active transport-incorporates fluids or dissolved substances into cells |
interphase | period when cell is not actively dividing |
metaphase | second stage-chromosomes align across center of cell |
prophase | first stage-chromosomes appear, cenrioles move away from nucleus |
telophase | fourth stage-cell division is complete |
anaphase | third stage-chromosomes pulled to opposite sides of cell |
mitosis | process of cell division |
hypertrophy | increase in cell size |
atrophy | decrease in cell sze |
hyperplasia | increase in cell production |
anaplasia | production of abnormal, undifferentiated cells |