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NutritionalMetabolic
N210 OLOLC Nutritional Metabolic
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| What components are in gastric juice? | 1)pepsin - acts to aid in protein digestion 2) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) - acts in protein digestion released in response to gastrin 3) Intrinsic factor - used for absorption of B12 which helps w/production of RBC's, w/out it pt can become anemic |
| What are the 4 parts of the colon in order? | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon |
| What are the 4 parts of the large intestine in order? | cecum, colon, rectum, and anus |
| What are the 3 parts on the small intestines in order? | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| What are the layers of the gastric mucosa? | epithelium, vascular layer (contains bld. vessels), muscular coat (smooth muscles), and serosa coat (outer layer) |
| What are the 2 layers of the stomach? | mucosal barrier (inner-most layer) and the gastric mucosa |
| What are the 2 layers of the mucosal barrier? | mucous gel layer and bicarbonate layer (these protect the gastric mucosa from damage (like HCl acid).) |
| What does GERD stand for? | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| What are the risk factors for GERD? | obesity, age, alcoholism, caffeine, smoking, very spicy food, pregnancy |
| What are some potential complications of GERD? | 1) errosion of esophgagus 2) inflammation could cause bleeding 3) scarring causing lumen to narrow causing difficulty swallowing 4) choking 5) asthma or chronic cough 6) dental erosion |
| What are some diagnostic studies used in GERD? | xray, UpperGI, Barium Swallow, |
| What is the most important thing to encourage after a Barium Swallow or Enema? | encourage the intake of LOTS of fluids to flush the barium out and help prevent it from hardening |
| What is GERD? | it occurs when the lower esophogeal sphincter doesn't close properly, the stomach contents leaks back into the esophogus causing heartburn, irritation |
| What are the 4 Phases for the therapeutic management of GERD? | Phase 1: lifestyle changes Phase 2: drug therapy Phase 3: intensified drug therapy Phase 4: Surgery - Nissen Fundoplication |
| What are some life style changes recommended for patients diagnosed with GERD? | 1) loose wt. 2) stop smoking/drinking 3) eat 6 small meals instead of 3 large 4) stay up 2hrs after eating 5) wear loose fitting clothes 6) raise head of bed 7) avoid tomato products, caffeine, milk, garlic, onions, fried food, mint flavored foods |
| What are some drugs used in the treatment of GERD? | antacids, foaming agents, H2 blockers, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Prokinetics, |
| What are some H2 Blockers used for GERD? | Tagamet HB, Pepcid AC, Zantac |
| What are some antacids used to treat GERD? | Alka-Selter, Maalox, Mylanta, Pepto-Bismol, Rolaids |
| What are some risk factors for a hiatal hernia? | obesity, GERD, injury to the area, heavy lifting, people over 50yrs, women who have had multiple pregnancies, born with a structural weakness, |
| What is the potential complication for a hiatal hernia? | strangulation of the organ |
| What are the symptoms manifested with a hiatal hernia? | shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, constipation, heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, dysphagia, reflux |
| What are some diagnostic studies used to find a hiatal hernia? | Upper GI, xray, Barium Swallow, Endoscopy |
| What are the 2 main types of hiatal hernias? | Sliding Hiatal Hernia and Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia |
| What are the medications used to treat a Hiatal Hernia? | pain meds., antacids, drugs similar to GERD |
| What is a Nissen Fundoplication? | wrapping a portion of the gastric mucosa around the sphincter area of the esophagus |
| What is gastritis? | inflammation of the stomach mucosa |
| What are some risk factors for gastritis? | 1) contaminated food 2) ulcers 3) stress 4) eating highly seasoned food 5) asprin 6) NSAIDS 7) alcohol 8) smoking 9) H. pylori 10) radiation therapy 11) NG suctioning 12) caffeine |
| What are some potential complications of gastritis? | 1) altered nutrition 2) bleeding/ hemorrhage 3) ulceration 4) long term infection of H. pylori 5) anemia 6) can lead to cancer |
| What are some clinical manifestations of gastritis? | 1) pain in LUQ 2) nausea/vomiting 3) loss of appetite 4) decrease in hemiglobin and hematicrit 5) increase in WBC 6) feeling of fullness after only a few bites |
Created by:
guarddogha
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